Cell Cylce
The TWO main phases of the cell cycle
What are interphase and cell division
These are the basic building blocks (monomers) of DNA & RNA
What are nucleotides
In this stage of protein synthesis, amino acids are assembled in a ribosome while reading the mRNA strand
What is translation
Place these terms in the correct hierarchical order--small to large: organ, cell, tissue
What is cell, tissue, organ
Cell division in gametes is called
Meiosis
TRUE or FALSE
All mutations are harmful
FALSE
This phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA
What is the S phase (synthesis phase)
A nucleotide is made up of three parts
sugar, phosphate and a base (nitrogenous base)
This term refers to a sequence of three bases that code for a specific amino acid
What is a codon
This process is how cells develop into their mature forms, based on which genes are expressed in the cell
What is cell differentiation
Cell division in somatic cells are called
mitosis
Name three ways we end up with genetic variability
What is meiosis, mutations, and environmental factors?
This phase of the cell cycle involves growth
What is the G1 phase (gap 1)
Describe the structure of DNA
Twisted ladder
Type of RNA is used to bring the amino acid to the ribosome
What is tRNA
If we were to compare a cardiac muscle cell and a cell from your intestines, what difference would we notice aside from the structure of the cell?
What are different proteins
Why does cell division take place? ( give 3 reasons)
Repair, Growth, Reproduction
What is the purpose of protein synthesis?
To create proteins
This phase of the cell cycle involves the division of the cytoplasm
What is cytokineses
Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA
Sugar, 2 vs 1 strand, size, mobility, U vs T
Transcription occurs in this part of the cell.
What is the nucleus
This term refers to genes being activated (on) or deactivated (off) in a cell, which dictate what proteins are manufactured in that cell
What is gene expression
What is the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell?
Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes and Haploid have one set. Diploid cells in humans are somatic cells and gametes are haploid.
In this smaller phase of cell division, we start to see spindle fibers form, chromosomes condense, and nuclei break down
What is prophase
The SECOND cell cycle checkpoint occurs in this phase
What is the G2 phase (gap 2)
Why does DNA need RNA?
DNA is restricted to the nucleus of the cell. In order to deliver its message to the rest of the cell mRNA is needed to transcribe and transport the message
What is the mRNA strand for the following DNA strand
TAC GTA ACT TTT CGG
AUG CAU UGA AAA GCC
What must occur as a result of a mutation in order for the protein to be affected
What is a change in the amino acids
******* Daily Double *******
Name 2 similarities and 2 differences in mitosis and meiosis.
Answers May Vary
If all cells in the body have the same DNA, why are heart cells and skin cells different
Through the process of cell differentiation and specialization cells are assigned different jobs leading to specific and different genes being expressed in certain cells