Cell Cycle
Interphase and Mitotic (M) Phase are the two main stages of the Cell Cycle in Eukaryotic cells.
True or False
True
Does meiosis happen sexually or asexually?
Sexually
Does mitosis happen sexually or asexually?
Asexually
Define what is a Chromosome
Structure of DNA made of nucleic acids and proteins that carries genes.
What is the difference between the haploid and the diploid cell?
A haploid cell has 1 single set of chromosomes while the diploid cell has 2 sets of chromosomes.
Name the 3 stages that happen in the Interphase
G1, S and G2
How many daughter cells are in meiosis?
4 daughter cells
How many daughter cells are in mitosis?
2 identical daughter cells
How do we call one identical half of a replicated chromosome?
Chromatid
Difference between a gene and a genome
The gene is the unit of heredity and the genome is 100% genetic information
What are the 4 stages that happen in the mitotic cell division?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
How many divisions occur in meiosis?
2 divisions
How many divisions occur in mitosis?
1 division
Cancer happens when
cell division goes wrong (some cells grow and divide disorderly)
Difference between a centromere and centriole
A centromere provides a site of attachment to the spindle fibers and a centriole is involved in the synthesis and in the organization of the spindle fibers.
Centromere - region of the chromosome
Centriole - organelle
What are the 3 most important checkpoints in the cell cycle?
G1 checkpoint: cell checks if the internal and external conditions are right for division
G2 checkpoint: check that the cell division happens correctly
Spindle (M) checkpoint: cell checks that all of the sister chromatids are attached correctly to the spindle microtubules.
What is the type of daughter cell in meiosis?
Haploids
What is the type of daughter cell in mitosis?
Diploid
A change in DNA is called
Mutation
Difference between what happens in the interphase and the mitotic phase in mitosis
In the interphase stage cell growth and DNA synthesis occur.
In the mitotic phase the formation of two daughter cells occurs.
Give a brief explanation of what happens in each of the 4 stages inside of the Mitotic Phase in mitosis. (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase)
Prophase: chromosomes condense
Metaphase: chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate
Anaphase: chromatids split into 2
Telophase: Nuclear envelope forms
Type of cell in which meiosis occurs is
Germ cell or gamete
Type of cell in which mitosis occurs is
Somatic cell
What is the cell cycle and what happens in it?
It is a series of events of a cell while it grows and divides.
Mitosis occurs only in animals, plants and fungi while meiosis occurs in all organisms except viruses.
True or False
False, it is the other way around