Cell Cycle & Regulation

Cell Cycle

100

Phase of the cell cycle that divides the cytoplasm 

cytokinesis

200

Phase of the cell cycle that is different in plants and animals

cytokinesis

300

The longest phase of the cell cycle.

Interphase

400

______ is a substage of interphase when the cell is growing, protein production is high, and the cell is preparing to replicate the DNA.

G1

500

Phase of the cell cycle when organelles are duplicated

G2

DNA

100

Description of DNA when it is loose, wrapped around proteins, and capable of being transcribed

Chromatin

200

Phase when DNA is replicated

S phase

300

The identical two halves of a doubled chromosome structure are called _________________.

sister chromatids

400

If looking at a cell underneath a microscope and the DNA is visible, what does this say about the condition or state of the cell?

It is in mitosis

500

The structures that hold together sister chromatids are ________________________.

centromeres

Mitosis

100

During what phase does all of the following occur? Tighter coiling of chromosomes, breaking down of the nuclear envelope, disappearing of nucleolus.

Prophase

200

The process by which nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells is ______________.

Mitosis

300

The phase of mitosis in which chromatids separate from each other is ___________________

anaphase.

400

Chromosomes line up at the equator during ____________.

metaphase

500

Number of cells made during mitosis

2

Cell cycle regulation

100

Stopping points within the cell cycle that regulate the health and progress of a cell

checkpoint

200

The uncontrolled division of cells is known as __________.

Cancer

300

If a cell did not pass interphase correctly and is detected to be abnormal, it is sent to ___ (name of a stage)

G₀

400

Programmed cell death

Apoptosis

500

Name the 3 checkpoints within the cell cycle.

1. At the G1-S transition

2. G2 phase

3. M phase, during the metaphase - anaphase transition

Regulation part 2

100

Regulatory proteins that are expressed when the cell is ready to enter the next stage of the cell cycle

Cyclins

200

This type of gene prevents the cell from progressing through the cell cycle too early. 

Tumor suppressor

300

Protein type whose levels are constant but activity cycles during the cell cycle

Cdk (cyclin dependent kinase)

400

Molecule that Cdk adds to its targets

phosphate

500

4 types of DNA mutation that can cause cancer

point mutation

chromosomal rearrangement

double strand break

amplification