Checkpoints
Cyclin/Dependant Kinases
Cancer Cells
Phosphorylation
Apoptosis
100
A specific point in the cell cycle where chemical stop and go-ahead signals produced within the cell regulate the progress of the cell cycle
Checkpoints
100
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase act as the ___ and _____ signals in checkpoints.
stop and go-ahead
100
What is it called when cancer cells spread to alternative location which are further away from their site of origin?
Metastasis
100
During phosphorylation, what is being added?
A phosphate group
100
What is Apoptosis essentially?
Programmed cell death
200
What are the three known checkpoints?
G1, G2, M (Mitosis)
200
What cellular proteins are produced in increasing amounts from G1, S, G2, M in order to turn kinases on called?
Cyclins
200
What happens if the cells replicate without proper cell cycle checkpoints?
The cells grow uncontrollably leading to cancer.
200
Phosphorylation appears in the cell cycle with ____-_________ ______.
Cyclin-dependent kinases
200
The primary purpose of apoptosis is to ...???
Get rid of cancerous/infected cells
300
What happens to cells that do not satisfy checkpoints?
They die or do not divide
300
What may happen if there appears to be issues with the cyclin-dependent kinase and the cell begins to divide uncontrollably?
Lead to cancer (cancer cells)
300
What type of tumors spread to new tissues?
Malignant Tumors
300
What do the additional phosphate groups act as for the Cyclin-dependent kinase?
On and off switch
300
Why does the cell package its contents into small membrane packets?
So its contents can be used by other cells before it kills itself
400
Which checkpoint insures no DNA damage has occurred?
G2 Checkpoint
400
Why do the cyclins need to bind to the cyclin-dependent kinases in order function???
They drive cell cycle progression at different stages.
400
What type of tumors remain at the original site?
Benign Tumors
400
Where must a phosphate group get added to be active?
Chain of Amino acids (protein)
400
During necrosis, why do cells sometimes spill their contents?
The plasma membrane can no longer control the passage of the contents. (The plasma membrane bursts)
500
Which checkpoint associated with sister chromatids?
M Checkpoint
500
The protein, cyclin-dependent kinase, helps _____ or _____ other proteins involved in cell cycle by phosphorylation.
activate or deactivate
500
Why do cancer cells not respond to regulatory signals?
The protein responsible for regulation cannot sense any damage or trigger a response. (The cancer grows uncontrollably)
500
What happens if phosphate groups are added to other sites?
Negative regulation (prevent unnecessary production of proteins)
500
What is another term for cell death by injury?
Necrosis