Cell Cycle
DNA Replication
Cancer
Cell Differentiation
Mixed
100
Which stage of the cell cycle is the longest and why?
Answer: Interphase, because the cell grows, duplicates organelles, and replicates DNA.
100
Name this process
DNA Replication
100
Define cancer in terms of the cell cycle.
Answer: Cancer is uncontrolled cell division caused by disruptions in cell cycle regulation.
100
True or False
Cells only have the part of of DNA they need not all of the DNA.
False
100
In which organelle are chromosomes located?
Answer: The nucleus.
200
What occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?
Answer: The cell grows and carries out its normal functions.
200
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Answer: S phase of interphase.
200
What happens when cells lose contact inhibition?
Answer: They continue dividing and may form a tumor.
200
What are stem cells and what makes them unique?
Answer: Undifferentiated cells that can divide indefinitely and differentiate into specialized cell types.
200
Which stage follows the G2 phase of interphase?
Answer: Mitosis.
300
What is the role of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
The start of cell division and the site of nucleus dividing
300
Why is accurate DNA replication critical?
Answer: It ensures that each daughter cell receives the same genetic information.
300
How are cancer cells different from normal cells?
They do not respond to growth signals, ignore checkpoints, and divide uncontrollably.
300
What internal and external factors influence cell differentiation?
Answer: Gene regulation and signals from the environment
300
Why is interphase essential for proper cell division?
Answer: It allows growth, DNA replication, and preparation for mitosis.
400
What the 3 phases interphase?
The 3 phases G1, S, G2
400
What types of errors can occur during DNA replication and what might they cause?
Answer: Mutations, which can lead to genetic disorders or cancer.
400
What is a tumor?
A mass of cells that grow without control.
400
How can cells with the same DNA develop into different cell types?
Answer: By expressing different sets of genes.
400
Why is cytokinesis necessary in addition to mitosis?
Mitosis divides the nucleus, but cytokinesis ensures the cytoplasm is split so two separate cells can exist
500
How does the regulation of the G1 checkpoint determines whether a cell will continue through the cycle?
The G1 checkpoint checks for size, nutrients, growth signals, and DNA damage.
500
How are the two new DNA molecules similar to the original?
Answer: They are identical to each other and to the original DNA.
500
If apoptosis (programmed cell death) does not occur, how could this contribute to cancer?
Damaged or mutated cells survive and continue dividing.
500
What does this image represent?
Cell differentiation, how stem cells become specialized.
500
What happens if cyclins (protein that signals to go the next stage) are overproduced?
Cells divide too much, causing a tumors.