Interphase
What is the longest phase of interphase?
G1
"Growth phase"
What is the first stage of mitosis where the chromosomes condense and become visible?
Prophase
How many rounds of cell division occur during meiosis?
2
What is apoptosis and how does it relate to the cell cycle?
self programmed for cell death
A control method to regulate the cell cycle. Get rid of diseased cells.
Define asexual reproduction.
generates offspring that are genetically identical to a single parent
What happens during the S phase of interphase?
Synthesis
DNA replication
Double chromosomes, double DNA
During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?
4 haploid cells
Group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth & division of cells
Growth factors
Cyclin
Define sexual reproduction.
Two parents. Offsprings are genetically unique.
During which stage of interphase does DNA replication occur?
S phase
What happens during the metaphase stage of mitosis?
Spindle fibers line up chromosomes in the middle/center of the cell.
What happens during crossing over in meiosis?
Genetic information/material are exchanged between homologous chromosomes.
What are cyclins responsible for?
Timing for the cell cycle
Regulates Cell Cycle
Promotes Mitosis!
What process, Mitosis or Meiosis is sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
What are the three stages of interphase?
G1, S, G2
What is the stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope reforms and the chromosomes decondense?
Telophase
What is the major difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
Crossing-over only occurs in Meiosis I
I produces 2 cells
II produces 4 cells
What is the purpose of cell cycle checkpoints & checkpoint proteins?
Monitor the cell cycle.
Halts the cell cycle until chromosomes are properly replicated
proteins that give information to cells and signal them on how to properly grow.
Which, Mitosis or Meiosis is Asexual reproduction
Mitosis
What is the purpose of interphase?
The cell grows and synthesizes organelles so the cell is able to function once it matures.
Prepares cell for division
In which stage of mitosis does cytokinesis occur?
Telophase
Before Meiosis I! NO interphase in Meiosis II
What happens if the cell cycle is not regulated/controlled?
cells can divide without order and accumulate genetic errors that can lead to a cancerous tumor
Diseases
Cancer
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
Only need one parent.
Faster