Cell Cycle
True or false: DNA is doubled during the M phase
False - S phase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Find the complementary strand of DNA:
A T T G C G
T A A C G C
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication happen?
S phase
What is the function of hydrogen bonds?
To bond nitrogen bases
What is the result of the cell cycle?
2 new identical daughter cells
What happens during Metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
True or false: DNA is found in all living and non-living things.
False
A liver cell in a mouse has 18 chromosomes. After going through mitosis, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter liver cell?
18 chromosomes
What is cancer?
uncontrolled cell growth
What happens during G1 phase? Give at least 2 things
Cells grow and carry out normal functions, makes new organelles
In which phase of mitosis do the spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell?
Anaphase
What about your DNA differentiates you from a mongoose?
The sequence of the nucleotides (nitrogen bases) in the strands of DNA
A blood cell in a rabbit has 15 chromosomes during G1 phase. How many chromosomes will the rabbit cell have during G2 phase?
30 chromosomes
In relation to DNA, what does Semi-Conservative mean?
What stage of the cell cycle can cancer cells NOT enter?
!!!!!!!!!!!DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!!!!!!!
For bonus points, why can they not enter this phase?
G0
G0 is a stage of rest; cancer cells do not stop dividing.
Name 2 things that happen during telophase
Nuclear envelope reappears
spindle fibers/centromeres dissapear
DNA unwinds from chromosomes to chromatin
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate
Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogen base
Why does DNA replication occur?
To produce new identical DNA for daughter cells
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
chromatin - relaxed/un-coiled DNA
chromosomes - tightly wound/organized DNA
What is the last stage of the cell cycle? What happens during this stage?
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divides, producing 2 new cells
In what phase of mitosis does chromatin condense into chromosomes?
Prophase
What 2 parts of a nucleotide provide the double helix shape of DNA with structure?
Phosphate
Sugar
Describe the 3 steps of DNA replication.
Helicase - unzips DNA
Polymerase - Adds new nucleotides to the parent strands
Ligase - glues the nucleotides together
What is a mutation?
!!!!!!!!!!!!DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
In what phase of the cell cycle do mutations typically occur?
A change in the sequence of DNA
S phase