Definitions
What does Diploid mean?
To have a full set of chromosomes. (2n)(46)
How many chromosomes are in human somatic cells?
46
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
23 chromosomes
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
To create gametes.
How does cancer occur?
When the ability to regulate the cell cycle is lost.
Unregulated cell division
How many chromosomes are in a human haploid gamete?
23 chromosomes
What occurs during prophase?
-DNA condenses and coils into chromosomes
-The nuclear envelope breaks down
-Centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and produce microtubules
How many nuclear divisions occur in Meiosis?
2 nuclear divisions
Meiosis creates two genetically cells.
Unique
Define Malignant, Benign, and Metastatic Cancers.
Malignant-Invades surrounding tissue
Benign-No effect on surrounding tissue
Metastatic-Spreading of cancerous cells
What is the difference between an allele and a gene.
A gene is the same set of instructions used to to make a product.
Alleles are variations of the instructions
How Many chromosomes are present after Mitosis?
46
Where does crossing over occur?
In Prohase I of meiosis
How many chromosomes are in each cell after meiosis?
23
How are cells changed internally?
Cytoplasm and plasma membrane become altered.
Define Homologous Chromosomes.
The chromosomes that correspond to each other one from each parent and contain the same genes.
What are the 4 functions of mitosis?
-Increase body size
-Replace worn/dead cells
-Repair damaged tissues
-Asexual reproduction
What occurs in Metaphase I of Meiosis?
Chromosomes Randomly line up along the midline
-Independent Assortment
When are sister chromatids separated?
In Anaphase II
The ability to be anchored and remain together.
No
What are the 3 sources of variation?
-Fertilization
-Independent Assortment
-Crossing Over
When is DNA replicated?
Synthesis phase of Interphase
If an organism has 84 chromosomes, what's its haploid number?
42 chromosomes
How many haploid cells are found after Meiosis?
4 haploid cells
What is contact inhibition? Do cancerous cells retain this ability?
The ability to stop once they cover an area.
No, leads to piling of cells.