terms
one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
What is a centriole?
Before cell division occurs, the cell replicates, or copies, all of its DNA.
What happens before cell division?
G1, S, and G2.
Name the main events of the cell cycle.
disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
What is cancer?
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
What is mitosis?
process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
What is cell division?
This replication of DNA solves the problem of information storage because each daughter cell gets one complete set of genetic information. Thus, each daughter cell receives its own genetic “library.”
How is a cell's DNA like the books in a library?
chromosomes become visible. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. During anaphase, the centromeres that join the sister chromatids split, allowing the sister chromatids to separate and become individual chromosomes. In telophase, the chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to disperse into a tangle
Describe what happens during each of the four phases of mit
they divide uncontrollably
they divide uncontrollably
first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
What is prophase?
one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
What is chromatid?
Each daughter cell has an increased ratio of surface area to volume.
As a cell increases in size, which increases more rapidly, its surface area or its volume?
romosomes are made up of DNA,which carries the cell's coded genetic inform
romosomes are made up of DNA,which carries the cell's coded genetic inform
When cells come into contact with other cells, they respond by not growing.
How do cells respond to contact with other cells?
second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
What is metaphase?
area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
What is the centromere?
As a cell increases in size, which increases more rapidly, its surface area o
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romosomes are made up of DNA,which carries the cell's coded genetic inform
What are chromosomes made of?
An astonishing number of cancer cells have a defect in a gene called p53, which normally halts the cell cycle until all chromosomes have been properly replicated.
Why can cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle
the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
What is anaphase?
fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis
What is a spindle?
Before it becomes too large, a growing cell divides forming two “da
What happens before a cell becomes too large
Vomosomes are made up of DNA,which carries the cell's coded genetic inform
What are chromosomes made of?
Cyclins, Internal regulators allow the cell cycle to proceed only when certain processes have happened inside the cell. External regulators direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle.
What chemicals regulate the.
fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
What is telophase?