Cell Size, DNA, General Division
What cellular process allows organisms to grow, repair, and reproduce?
Cell division.
What are the two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?
Interphase and M phase.
What type of cell division produces gametes?
Meiosis.
What is the result when a zygote has three copies of a particular chromosome?
Trisomy.
Human somatic cells are diploid (2n = 46). How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
23.
What is the name for all of the DNA in a cell?
The genome.
During which phase of interphase is DNA replicated?
The S phase.
An ordered display of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size and pair.
What is a karyotype?
The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis
What is nondisjunction?
Why are cancer cells able to divide uncontrollably?
They lack density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence, escaping normal cell cycle regulation.
Identical copies of a chromosome joined together at the centromere.
What are sister chromatids?
What structure forms in animal cells to divide the cytoplasm during cytokinesis?
The cleavage furrow.
What process restores the diploid number after meiosis?
Fertilization.
What chromosomal abnormality causes Down syndrome?
Trisomy 21.
Which phase of mitosis is usually the longest?
Prophase.
What happens to the surface area-to-volume ratio as a cell grows?
The ratio decreases, making the cell less efficient.
What type of tumor can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream?
A malignant tumor.
What event during Meiosis I increases genetic diversity in offspring?
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes.
What chromosomal condition results in a female with one X chromosome (XO)?
Turner syndrome.
During which stage of meiosis are homologous chromosomes separated?
Anaphase I.
The dominant "form" of DNA in a cell that is not undergoing cell division.
What is chromatin?
What structure helps organize spindle fibers during mitosis?
The centrioles.
When in meiosis do homologous chromosomes exchange DNA segments to create genetic variation.
What is Prophase I?
Which chromosomal mutation involves a piece breaking off and attaching to a non-homologous chromosome?
Translocation.
If a cell has 46 chromosomes in G1 how many will it have after a successful G2?
46