Mitosis
Fill in the blank: In mitosis daughter cells must be _____ to their parent cell and to each other.
Identical
True or false: In meiosis, the two cells obtained are identical to one another.
False! Each cell has only half of the genetic information (haploid)
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis? How many are produced in meiosis?
Mitosis: 2 vs. Meiosis: 4
Mitosis is an essential process in what kind of reproduction?
Asexual reproduction.
What does "unwind" mean (in biological context)
**bonus points!! What does it mean for SOMEONE to unwind?
(a) to become looser (b) to relax; "kick up your feet"
In motisis, if the amount of genetic information in the parent cell is 2n, the amount of information in the daughter cells is _______.
2n! Both parent and daughter cells are DIPLOID.
Fill in the blank: "During fertilization, gametes from one parent join with gametes from the other to form a _____."
Zygote!
Does genetic recombination occur in mitosis, meiosis or both? In which phase does genetic recombination occur?
Prophase I of meiosis ONLY!
Which type of division would occur to heal a cut?
Mitosis (asexual, 2n)
Define the term "homologous"
With the same set of genes.
In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align to form the equatorial plate?
Metaphase!
What is genetic recombination and in which phase of meiosis does it occur?
Genetic recombination: The exchange of genetic material between homologous pairs (one from the mother and one from the father).
This occurs during prophase I.
True or false: sister chromatids separate from one another in Anaphase I of meiosis
False! Homologous chromosomes separate. Sister chromatids separate in anaphase of mitosis.
What happens if mitosis malfunctions?
Genetic information can be lost or damaged. This can cause problems such as cancer as a result of uncontrolled cell reproduction.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm that takes place at the end of cell division in both plant and animal cells.
In anaphase, the _____ break to allow for the sister chromatids to separate towards opposite poles of the cell.
Centromeres.
Fill in the blank: In metaphase I, _____ not _______ bond to the mitotic spindle fibers.
homologous chromosomes NOT individual chromosomes.
True or false: Both mitosis and meiosis begin with the condensation of chromatin to form chromosomes.
True!
Why is genetic variability important in sexual reproduction?
Genetic variation in a group of organisms enables some organisms to survive better than others in the environment in which they live (forms the basis for evolution).
Invent a question for your classmates! If I like it, you will get points :)
Good luck!
(a) Explain the key events that occur in telephase (at least 2).
(b) **bonus points!! Why is it called "telophase"? What does "telo" mean in greek?
(a) The remains of the mitotic spindle fibers disappear; two nuclei are formed around each group of chromatids; chromatids decondense to form chromatin; the nucleus disappears
(b) Telo = "end/result/completion"
Why does meiosis produce haploid gametes? What would happen if diploid gametes were produced instead?
To ensure that when the zygote is formed, it has the proper total number of chromosomes (diploid). If the gametes were diploid, the zygote would have double the amount of genetic material, leading to mutation or spontaneous death of the zygote.
After telophase I of meiosis, are the cells 2n or n (diploid or haploid)?
Still diploid. They become haploid during the second round of cell divisions.
What is the cause of Down's syndrome?
Also known as Trisomy 21, Down's is a genetic disorder caused by an abnormal non-disjunction during meiosis of the pair of chromosomes 21.
Who were HeLa cells named after? What are they used for?
They were named after an African American woman nammed Henrietta Lacks who had cervical cancer. Her cells were taken without her consent. They are "immortal" and are used in laboratory conditions. They were even used to discover the polio vaccine. Her family has never been financially compensated.