Cell Division Terms
Basic unit of structure and organization for all living things.
What is a cell?
Stage where cell just finished dividing is known as?
What is Gap 1?
Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation on a population?
What is sexual reproduction?
Explanation: sexual reproduction During sexual reproduction, the genetic information from each parent is combined and reorganized to provide a unique new individual. This process introduces genetic variation into a population.
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes.
What is a haploid cell? OR What is a gamete?
Water moves out of a cell when a cell is placed into what kind of solution?
what is a hypertonic solution?
Which organelle aids in the production of proteins (enzymes)?
What is a ribosome?
Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
What is cells form through spontaneous generation.
Explanation: it was once believed that cells could form on their own. We now know that cells must form from preexisting cells.
The genetic material that is divided during cell reproduction
What is DNA?
The resting period of growth and development between cell divisions.
What is Interphase?
This process occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms.
What is meiosis?
Explanation: Meiosis only occurs in the reproductive cells, producing gametes (sperm and egg) with half of the genetic information as the parent cell.
Water moves into a cell when it is placed into what kind of solution?
What is a hypotonic solution?
Which characteristic do most plants have in common?
What is an autotroph?
Explanation: not all plants produce seeds, but almost all plants produce their own food using photosynthesis.
Which technological advancement from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?
What is a compound, light microscope?
Explanation: the light microscope allowed scientists to view actual cells for the first time.
The area where the genetic material is located in the cell. This is also known as the command center of the cell.
What is the nucleus?
The period in Interphase when the DNA is copied or synthesized.
What is the S phase?
Alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait.
What is an allele?
When water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate what kind of solution is it placed into?
What is an isotonic solution?
Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Explanation: both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have DNA (genetic material) contained in a membrane-bound nucleus.
Which of the cell theory tenets supports the idea that bacteria, animals and plants are living things?
What are "all living things are made of cells"?
The rod-shaped structure found in eukaryotic cells during cell division that is made of replicated DNA and proteins.
What is a chromosome?
The period during Interphase when the cell makes organelles.
What is the G1 phase?
A pair of chromosomes that are identical in length, centromere location, and gene locations; one is inherited from each parent.
What are homologous chromosomes?
The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration is known as?
What is osmosis?
A gel-like material fills a cell. The fluid holds the organelles of the cell and is a place where chemical reactions occur. Which part of the cell is this?
What is a cytoplasm?
Explanation: chemical reactions occur in the fluid cytoplasm like the fluid air allows people to move about, acting together and with the parts of the factory.
Lilly accidentally hit her toe on a rock and got a laceration. After a week, her laceration healed. Which cell theory tenet supports this idea?
What are "all cells come from other preexisting cells"?
One of two parts of the chromosome. They are attached in pairs.
What is a chromatid?
Two small structures made of microtubules that are located in the centrosome, an area above the nucleus, during cell division in animal cells.
What are centrioles?
Define active transport.
What is the movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration through special proteins called ports because they cannot get through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
By definition, what is a eukaryotic cell?
What are cells with membrane-bound organelles and DNA enclosed in a nucleus?
Which microscope will produce high-resolution images of a sample's surface?
What is a scanning electron microscope?
An area where two sister chromatids are held together in a chromosome.
What is a centromere?
Define cancer.
What is uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle?
Explanation: cancer cells lack the ability to recognize and control cell growth and reproduction. As a result, they replicate again and again.
Plant 2 is produced asexually from Plant 1. If the leaf cells of Plant 1 have 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the leaf cells of Plant 2?
How much is 56?
Explanation: asexual reproduction results in an identical organism to the parent. All of the cells of the daughter organism will be the same as the cells of the parent organism. Asexual reproduction DOES NOT increase the variation in a population since all of the organisms are genetically identical.
Cell division in which sister chromatids do not separate correctly resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
What is non-disjunction?
The phase in meiosis during which homologous chromosomes separate and move away to opposite ends of the cell.
What is anaphase I?
Define facilitated diffusion.
What is the use of a protein to help the molecules pass through the cell membrane?
Which cell structures are present only in a plant cell and NOT in an animal cell?
What is the cell wall (cellulose), a large central vacuole and a chloroplast?
Which type of microscope is used to view a living jellyfish?
What is a stereo/dissecting microscope?
Define what a change in a cell's DNA is. This could also be a change in one or more chromosomes.
What is a mutation?
A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the organism. In order to do this after fertilization, at what point during fetal development would she need to change the DNA?
What is a zygote?
A zygote is the first single cell of an organism. The DNA that is present in the zygote will be replicated each time the cell goes through mitosis.
After Mitosis, the cell enters into this stage again to grow and mature before repeating the whole process.
What is Interphase?
In which stage are two nuclei forming?
What is telophase?
Describe crossing over.
What are alleles from both parents' chromosomes are exchanged during Prophase I?
Explanation: this process allows each chromosome to have genetic information from both parents, no matter which parent the chromosome originally came from. Crossing-over is responsible for offspring having some qualities of each parent and is also responsible for genetic variation in a population of species.
Joe was admitted to the ER of the hospital due to dehydration. He was mistakenly given an IV fluids bag of DI water as a part of his treatment plan. What would happen to Joe's red blood cells as a direct result of this?
What is his red blood cells would be lysed (burst).
The cells lysed because the solute concentration was higher in the red blood cells than the DI water. As a result, the DI water crossed the cell membrane and entered the cell until the burst.
Which cell structures are common in BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic information.
Which type of microscope will produce an image with a higher resolution?
What is a transmission electron microscope?