Show:
Cell Cycle
DNA Structure/Replication
Cell Differentiation
Misc.
100
How long does interphase last?
22-24 hours
100
Scientists describe DNA's structure as a ____________ .
Double helix or spiral staircase
100
What is a stem cell?
A cell that has not turned into a specialized cell yet.
100
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that has a genetic code on it.
200
Name 3 things that happen during interphase.
cell grows, DNA replicates and organelles get copied
200
What type of sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
200
What is a blastocyst?
A ball of 50-200 identical cells.
200
Our DNA is 99% similiar. What causes that 1% to be different?
The order of nitrogen bases on the gene.
300
What is the difference between metaphase and anaphase?
Metaphase = The chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell Anaphase = Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of cell
300
What is a nucleotide?
a phosphate, sugar and 1 nitrogen base
300
How does a stem cell differentiate?
A gene gets a signal to produce new proteins.
300
How are centromeres and spindle fibers similiar?
Both are made of protein.
400
Compare daughter cells with the parent cell. How are they alike and different.
They are the same type of cell, have the same kind of chromosomes and same number of chromosomes. A difference is that they are smaller.
400
Which organic compound is DNA a type of?
nucleic acid
400
What 3 things can cell differentiation lead to?
Tissues, organs and organ systems
400
What is the difference between chromatin, sister chromatids and chromosomes?
Chromatin- long and thin Sister chromatids - one strand of a chromosome Chromosome - two strands of DNA attached by a centromere or just after sister chromatids detach from the centromere
500
Name 4 things that happen during prophase.
1. centrioles migrate 2. spindle fibers form 3. nucleolus breaks down 4. nuclear membrane breaks down 5. chromatin condenses
500
Explain the process of DNA replication. Be specific!
DNA unwinds and an enzyme unzips the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. Another enzyme carries a nucleotide to the DNA molecule and then pairs it up to its complementary base. This process continues until 2 identical DNA molecules are formed.
500
What are the 3 types of stem cells? Define and give locations of each.
Totipotent - potential to turn into any cell type...only found in very early embryonic development Pluripotent- potential to turn into almost any cell type...found in blastocysts and fetuses Multipotent- potential to turn into limited cell types...umbilical cords and adults
500
What are induced pluripotent cells?
No egg cell is necessary! Take a somatic stem cell (skin cell) from the patient and reprogram its genes to turn back to an embryonic stem cell.