Mitosis
Cell Differentiation
Organelles
Types of Cells
Cancer
100
What is the purpose of mitosis? Why is it important?
It makes new cells, which replace old or damaged ones
100
What is a stem cell?
An unspecialized cell which could become any cell type
100
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Performs photosynthesis (uses sunlight to make food for the plant)
100
You find a cell that has chloroplasts. What kind of cell is this?
A eukaryote and a plant cell
100
What does it mean for a cell to be cancerous?
It divides uncontrollably
200
What happens to the amount of DNA in the cell during interphase (before mitosis begins)?
It doubles when the DNA is replicated
200
What is the difference between specialized cells and stem cells?
Stem cells can differentiate to become specialized cells, which have unique jobs and structures
200
What is a vesicle?
A small piece of membrane that acts like an envelope, holding proteins as they are transported
200
You find a cell that has a cell wall and cytosol, but has no nucleus. What kind of cell is this?
Bacteria
200
Which cell line is most likely cancerous and how do you know?
A, it is showing uncontrolled cell growth
300
What is cytokinesis?
The final division of the two cells (everything but the nucleus)
300
What causes different specialized cells to become different from each other, when they all started the same (as stem cells)?
Different genes are expressed (turned off or on)
300
How do the Golgi apparatus and the rough ER work together?
The rough ER produces the proteins and the Golgi apparatus sends them wherever they need to go
300
What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and no organelles besides ribosomes. They are also much smaller
300
Why are cell cycle checkpoints important?
They make sure that cells only divide when they're supposed to
400
What would be the result if you had mitosis happen but not cytokinesis?
You would have one cell with two nuclei
400
You are using stem cells to make a kidney for donation. Would it be possible to create a kidney by creating only one type of cell (by having all of the stem cells turn into the same thing)?
No, organs are made up of many different types of cells working together, so different stem cells would need to express different genes
400
Which letter represents the golgi apparatus? Which represents the endoplasmic reticulum? Which is a vesicle?
D = golgi apparatus
B = endoplasmic reticulum
E = vesicle
400
What is the only type of cell in existence with no ribosomes?
Red blood cells
400
What are two types of genes that can cause cancer when they're mutated, and what is the role of each?
Proto-oncogenes are the gas pedal (they make cell division go faster) and tumor suppressor genes are the brake pedal (they slow down cell division)