Vocab
These are the two individual parts of a single chromosome
What are chromatids/sister chromatids?
All phases of cell division happen in this part of the cell life cycle
What is M phase?
This structure is used to move chromosomes around during cell division
What is the spindle apparatus?
The Greek prefix 'Ana-' means this
What is 'to step back or move away from?'
Give three examples of human somatic cells
What are skin cells, hair cells, spleen cells, liver cells, heart cells, intestinal cells, bone cells, white blood cells, red blood cells, etc?
This is the haploid number for humans
What is n = 23?
If chimpanzees have 48 chromosomes, what is their haploid number?
What is n = 24?
This is the only time that we can physically view chromosomes in a cell
What is during cell division?
This process maintains the same chromosome number from one generation to the next
What is meiosis?
This term is used to describe any time that a cell is NOT dividing
What is interphase?
This is how many individual chromosomes you inherited from one of your parents
What is 23?
Explain the purpose of G0 phase AND name the three types of human cells that go into this phase
What is 'G0 is a resting phase; brain cells, spinal cord cells, and reproductive cells?'
List the three major parts of cell theory
What is 1) all cells come from pre-existing cells, 2) cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, and 3) all living things are made up one or more cells?
These are the three major types of asexual cell reproduction discussed in class
What are 1) budding, 2) binary fission, and fragmentation?
This many nuclear envelopes form at the end of telophase I
What are 2?
List the three criteria every Eukaryotic cell must meet to pass the G1 checkpoint
What are 1) proper cell size, 2) presence of nutrients and growth factors, and 3) no chromosomal errors/mistakes made during M phase?
Individual chromosomes (formerly sister chromatids) decondense into chromatin, 4 nuclear envelopes form, and cleavage furrows appear during this phase
What is telophase II?
This is the definition of homologous chromosomes
What are 'chromosomes that carry the same genes in the same order but are usually NOT identical?'
Briefly explain what occurs in S phase and WHY this is so important
What 'A full second copy of DNA instructions are made; important so that both new cells will have a complete set of DNA instructions?'
List the four examples of organisms that go through asexual reproduction
What are bacteria, protists, many plants, many algae, fungi, sea stars, starfish, corals, sea sponges, etc?
What TWO things do Metaphase, Metaphase I, and Metaphase II all have in common
What are 1) chromosomes are lined up at middle of the cell and 2) there is a metaphase/spindle checkpoint in all of them?
During this phase, 2 nuclear envelopes form around replicated chromosomes in two, genetically-different cells
What is telophase I?
During this phase, individual chromosomes (formerly sister chromatids) are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell and will eventually be turned into genetically-identical, somatic cells
What is anaphase?
This is the major difference between binary fission and fragmentation and/or budding
What is 'in binary fission, you cannot tell the different between the parent cell and offspring; with budding and fragmentation, it is obvious which is the parent and which is the resulting offspring?'
What are 1) M phase - cell division, 2) G1 - growth and development, 3) S phase - duplicates all DNA to make entire second copy, 4) G2 - more growth, organelles are replicated, and some cells also go into 5) G0 - resting phase for cells, can be temporary or permanent?