Vocab
This form of genetic material is divided during meiosis I
What are homologous chromosomes?
All phases of cell division happen in this part of the cell life cycle
What is M phase?
This structure is used to move chromosomes around during cell division
What is the spindle apparatus?
The Greek prefix 'Ana-' means this
What is 'to step back or move away from?'
Give three examples of human somatic cells
What are skin cells, hair cells, spleen cells, liver cells, heart cells, intestinal cells, bone cells, white blood cells, red blood cells, etc?
This is the diploid number for humans
What is 2n = 46?
This is the haploid number for humans
What is n = 23?
This is the only time that we can physically view chromosomes in a cell
What is during cell division?
This process maintains the same chromosome number from one generation to the next
What is meiosis?
This term is used to describe any time that a cell is NOT dividing
What is interphase?
This is how many individual chromosomes you inherited from one of your parents
What is 23?
Explain the purpose of G0 phase AND name the three types of human cells that go into this phase
What is 'G0 is a resting phase; brain cells, spinal cord cells, and reproductive cells?'
List the three major parts of cell theory
What is 1) all cells come from pre-existing cells, 2) cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living things, and 3) all living things are made up one or more cells?
In this form of asexual reproduction, the prokaryotic cell simply elongates and divides into two cells that are identical in size and shape
What is binary fission?
This many nuclear envelopes form at the end of telophase II
What are 4?
List the four criteria every Eukaryotic cell must meet to pass the G1 checkpoint
What are 1) proper cell size, 2) nutrients, 3) growth factors, 4) no mistakes made during M phase?
Sister chromatids decondense into chromatin and 4 nuclear envelopes form during this phase
What is telophase II?
This is the definition of homologous chromosomes
What are 'chromosomes that carry the same genes in the same order but are usually NOT identical?'
Briefly explain what occurs in S phase and WHY this is so important
What 'A full second copy of DNA instructions are made; important so that both new cells will have a complete set of DNA instructions?'
List the four major phases of the Eukaryotic life cycle
What are 1) M phase, 2) G1, 3) S phase, 4) G2?
What TWO things do Metaphase, Metaphase I, and Metaphase II all have in common
What are 1) some form of genetic material lines up at the center of the cell and 2) there is a spindle checkpoint in all of them?
During this phase, 2 nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes in cell that will become genetically different
What is telophase I?
During this phase, replicated chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell and will eventually be turned into genetically-identical, somatic cells
What is anaphase?
Most prokaryotes reproduce their cells using this method
What is binary fission?
List three major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
What are 'prokaryotic cells are 1) small, 2) always unicellular, 3) lack nuclei, 4) lack membrane bound organelles, 5) have protein capsules and flagella where as eukaryotic cells are 1) larger and more complex, 2) can be unicellular or multicelluar, 3) have nuclei, 4) have membrane bound organelles, 5) lack protein capsules and flagella?'