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Which of the following best describes the main purpose of mitosis?
A. To reduce chromosome number by half
B. To produce genetically identical cells for growth and repair
C. To increase genetic variation
D. To fuse gametes into a zygote
B. To produce genetically identical cells for growth and repair
Crossing-over occurs during which stage of meiosis?
A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase II
D. Telophase II
A. Prophase I
Which of the following best summarizes the outcome of meiosis?
A. Two identical diploid cells
B. Four genetically unique haploid cells
C. Two genetically unique diploid cells
D. Four identical haploid cells
B. Four genetically unique haploid cells
Somatic cells divide through which process?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Binary fission
D. Fertilization
A. Mitosis
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of Meiosis I?
A. 2 haploid cells
B. 2 diploid cells
C. 4 haploid cells
D. 4 diploid cells
A. 2 haploid cells
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equatorial plate?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
B. Metaphase
After meiosis II, a diploid cell that started with 46 chromosomes will produce gametes with how many chromosomes?
A. 23
B. 46
C. 92
D. 12
A. 23
Which organelle is primarily responsible for organizing spindle fibers during cell division?
A. Nucleolus
B. Centrosome (centrioles)
C. Ribosome
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Centrosome (centrioles)
Which statement correctly compares somatic and gamete cells?
A. Somatic cells are haploid; gametes are diploid
B. Somatic cells are diploid; gametes are haploid
C. Both somatic cells and gametes are haploid
D. Both somatic cells and gametes are diploid
B. Somatic cells are diploid; gametes are haploid
Homologous chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate in:
A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase I
D. Telophase I
B. Metaphase I
A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?
A. 23
B. 46
C. 69
D. 92
B. 46
Which statement correctly distinguishes mitosis from meiosis?
A. Mitosis produces four cells, while meiosis produces two
B. Mitosis results in haploid cells, while meiosis results in diploid cells
C. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in gametes
D. Mitosis increases genetic variation, while meiosis conserves it
C. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in gametes
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down, allowing spindle fibers to attach to chromosomes?
A. Interphase
B. Prophase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
B. Prophase
Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell:
A. Divides into two new cells
B. Prepares for division through growth and DNA replication
C. Condenses chromosomes
D. Aligns chromosomes at the equator
B. Prepares for division through growth and DNA replication
Gametes (sperm and egg) are produced by:
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Cytokinesis only
D. DNA replication only
B. Meiosis
Which structure is responsible for moving chromosomes during mitosis?
A. Cell membrane
B. Ribosomes
C. Spindle fibers
D. Mitochondria
C. Spindle fibers
If a species has a diploid number of 24, how many chromosomes will be present in gametes after meiosis?
A. 24
B. 48
C. 12
D. 6
C. 12
What structure holds sister chromatids together until they are separated in anaphase?
A. Centrosome
B. Centromere
C. Chromatin
D. Spindle pole
B. Centromere
The main purpose of mitosis is to:
A. Increase genetic variation
B. Produce identical daughter cells
C. Form gametes
D. Reduce chromosome number
B. Produce identical daughter cells
Synapsis refers to the:
A. Separation of sister chromatids
B. Pairing of homologous chromosomes
C. Attachment of spindle fibers to centromeres
D. Replication of DNA in S phase
B. Pairing of homologous chromosomes
Which of the following events occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
A. Chromosome replication
B. Cytokinesis
C. Crossing-over
D. Nuclear envelope breakdown
C. Crossing-over
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during:
A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase II
C. Anaphase I
D. Telophase II
C. Anaphase I
Which organelle ensures that DNA is accurately copied before cell division begins?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Centrosome
B. Nucleus
Which of the following best distinguishes Meiosis I from Meiosis II?
A. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids
B. Meiosis I produces two haploid cells, while Meiosis II produces four haploid cells
C. Meiosis I reduces the chromosome number, while Meiosis II maintains the chromosome number
D. Meiosis I includes genetic recombination, while Meiosis II ensures chromatid separation
A. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids
What type of cell division would be the reason why people have different traits and characteristics (e.g. height, eye color, skin color, etc.)?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Both Mitosis and Meiosis
D. None of the above
B. Meiosis