Mitosis Mechanics
Phase where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes
Prophase
Process that makes gametes
Meiosis
Failure of chromosomes to separate
Nondisjunction
Phase of growth before DNA replication
G₁
Type of cell division in bacteria that produces two identical daughter cells
Binary fission
Where chromosomes line up during metaphase
Equator or Metaphase Plate
Pair of chromosomes, one from each parent
Homologous chromosomes
Extra copy of chromosome 21
Trisomy 21 or Down's syndrome
Phase when DNA replication occurs
S phase
Bacterial replication starts at this site
origin of replication or oriC
Structures that pull chromatids apart
Spindle Fibers
Structure of four chromatids in Prophase I
Tetrad
XXY male condition
Klinefelter Sydrome
Phase where preparations for cell division are completed
G₂
Protein that forms the division ring
FtsZ
Final stage before cytokinesis
Telophase
Exchange of DNA between non-sister chromatids
Crossing Over
Missing X chromosome in females
Turner's Syndrome
Stage that includes mitosis and cytokinesis
M phase
Bacterial cell wall building lipid carrier
Bactoprenol
Point on the chromosome where sister chromatids connect
Centromere
Random alignment of homologues at Metaphase I
Independent Assortment
Gene product that halts division if DNA is damaged
p53
Checkpoint that ensures spindle attachment
M checkpoint
Period where chromosome replication occurs
C period