Cell Regulation & Cancer
Controlled, programmed cell death
Apoptosis
Condensed form of DNA visible during cell division
Chromosome
Type of cell division that produces gametes
Meiosis
Phase when chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes
Prophase
Disease of uncontrolled cell growth
Cancer
Uncoiled, threadlike form of DNA
chromatin
Process where homologous chromosomes pair up
Synapsis
Phase when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Metaphase
Normal gene that promotes cell growth and division and can cause cancer when mutated
Proto-oncogene
Region of the chromosome where sister chromatids are joined
centromere
Structure formed by homologous pairs in Prophase I
Tetrad
Phase when sister chromatids separate to opposite poles
Anaphase
Gene that inhibits division or triggers apoptosis and can cause cancer when mutated
Tumor suppressor
Pair of chromosomes with same genes in same order
Homologous chromosomes
Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes
Crossing over
Two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome
sister chromatids
Name the chromosome disorder associated with the following syndromes: Edward's, Down's, Kleinefeiter's, Turner's
Edwards: Trisomy 18, Down's: Trisomy 21, Klinefelter's: XXY, Turner's: XO (monosomy X)
Name all the phases of the cell cycle in the correct order and state whether you would expect to see Chromosomes or chromatin at each stage
G1, S, G2, M (chromatin, chromatin, chromatin, chromosome)
Name all the phases of meiosis in the correct order and identify the stage(s) where crossing over and independent assortment occur
Prophase I (crossing over), Metaphase I (independent assortment), Anaphase I, Telophase I / cytokinesis, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II / cytokinesis
Name the cell cycle checkpoints, when they occur, and what they check for
G1 checkpoint (between G1 and S; has cell grown enough to divide), G2 checkpoint (between G2 and M, has DNA replicated properly)), M checkpoint (Metaphase, have spindle fibers attached properly)