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Stages of Mitosis (cell division)
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Stages of Meiosis
Nondisjunction
100
What is the correct order of stages in mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Remember: (P-MAT)
100
What are the 3 checkpoints of mitosis that occur in interphase? List in order.
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
100
What are the four phases of mitosis? list them in order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
100
In which phase do the cells actually separate to form two separate cells?
Cytokinesis
100
Define Nondisjunction.
Is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromosomes during nuclear division. Usually the due to the abnormal distributions of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei.
200
Explain what occurs during Interphase.
The cell grow and replicates its DNA and centrioles. Also, it carries out normal cell activities.
200
What occurs in the G1 phase of mitosis?
The G1 phase is the period of activity in which cells do most of their growing. It is when cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles. All cellular contents, EXCEPT chromosomes, are duplicated.
200
True or False. Mitosis have two divisions, while meiosis has one.
False, Meiosis has two divisions and Mitosis has one.
200
Explain Telophase 1 and Telophase 2.
During, both stages nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes.
200
In which phase do the chromosomes fail to separate?
Anaphase 1 or Anaphase 2
300
In which phase does chromatin condense to form chromosomes?
Prophase
300
What occurs in the S phase? What do the key proteins do with the chromosomes?
In the S phase, the chromosomes are replicated and this is when the synthesis of DNA molecules take place. Key proteins associated with the chromosomes are synthesized as well in the S phase.
300
What type of process does asexual reproduction involve?
Mitosis.
300
In which phase do spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes?
Metaphase 1 and Metaphase 2
300
True or False. Nondisjunction becomes less frequent as one grows older.
False, it actually becomes more frequent.
400
What happens during metaphase?
All chromatids line up in a straight line in the middle of the nucleus (also called the equator or the metaphase plate).
400
What occurs in the G2 phase? Is it the shortest or longest among the 3 checkpoints/phases of interphase?
During the G2 phase, the cell "double checks" the duplicated chromosomes for errors, making needed repairs. The G2 phase is the shortest checkpoint out of all the checkpoints/phases in Interphase.
400
Is it meiosis or mitosis that produces somatic cells?
Mitosis
400
In which phase do tetrads form?
In prophase of meiosis I.
400
What happens to the daughter cells when the cells fail to separate properly in Anaphase 1?
This means one pair of homologous chromosomes did not separate correctly, results in two cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes. One daughter cell send up with 24 chromosomes (n+1) and the other with 22 chromosomes (n-1).
500
True or False. In Anaphase, the two sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and move apart. In telophase, the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and the cell splits.
False, it is not in Telophase that the cells split, it is in Cytokinesis. However, everything else stated is correct.
500
What are all of the checkpoints of Mitosis and briefly describe each checkpoint?
The checkpoints of mitosis are the G1, S, and G2. In the G1 phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles. All of the cellular contents are duplicated (excluding chromosomes). In the S phase, the chromosomes are duplicated. In the G2 phase, the cell "double checks" for any errors made in duplicating the chromosomes.
500
What types of cells do both process (mitosis and meiosis) result in?
Mitosis- 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells. Meiosis- 4 genetically different haploid daughter cells.
500
True or False. In Anaphase 1 and Anaphase 2 the homologous chromosomes move toward the opposites ends of the cell.
False, In anaphase 2 the SISTER CHROMATIDS move toward opposites ends of the cell. However, in Anaphase 1 the homologous chromosomes do move toward the opposites ends of the cell.
500
What is it called when a cell has an extra chromosome? What is it called when a cell has a missing chromosome?
an extra chromosome- trisomy; a missing chromosome- monosomy