Glycolsysis
The enzyme capable of converting dihydroxyacetone into another molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an isomer of DHAP, based on energy demands.
What is isomerase?
Goal of fermentation.
Import of pyruvate into mitochondria.
What is pyruvate translocase (transport protein)?
Formation of ATP during glycolysis or Kreb's cycle?
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
Part of metabolism that generates ATP through substrate-level of phosphorylation, is anaerobic, and is found in bacteria, animals, plants, and fungi.
What is glycolysis?
A high concentration of ATP is required to bind to the allosteric site of phosphofructokinase, while only a small concentration of ATP is needed to bind to the active site for addition of a phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate to make fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
What is high vs low Km?
Removal of electrons from NADH and addition of these electrons to something else to form lactic acid or ethanol.
What is redox?
Place where the Kreb's cycle occurs.
What is the matrix of the mitochondria?
Part of oxidative phosphorylation that enable 2 protons to be pumped for each electron carried.
What is the Q-cycle or ubiquinone?
Proteins of the electron transport chain that are expressed in the cytoplasm of the cell due to horizontal gene transfer will be imported to their specific location of function by these two transporters.
What are TOM and TIM?
The NET number of molecules of ATP generated for each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis assuming all isomers are shunted to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate for the payoff stage.
What is 2?
Place where fermentation occurs in the cell.
What is the cytosol/ cytoplasm?
Enzyme of the Kreb's cycle that directly connects to oxidative phosphorylation and anchors the Kreb's cycle to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II)?
What is complex I, NADH dehydrogenase complex?
Place in the mitochondria with a low (acidic) pH due to active ATP generation.
What is the intermembrane space of the mitochondrial?
Addition of electrons to NAD+ to form NADH by triose phosphate dehydrogenase.
What is reduction?
By-product of ethanol fermentation.
What is CO2?
Coenzyme needed to form 'high-energy' electron bonds for later transfer such as for forming GTP/ ATP.
What is coenzyme A?
Number of electrons held in the copper prosthetic group of cytochrome oxidase to safely split oxygen and form 1 molecule of water.
What is four?
Diets that eliminate carbohydrates result in obtaining acetyl CoA for the Kreb's cycle from this source and this process.
What are fatty acids and beta-oxidation?
Activity of pyruvate kinase to make pyruvate.
Consequence of lack of oxygen in human cells.
What is lactic acid fermentation due to anaerobic environment?
Number of carbons that have to be reformed to continue the cycle by loss of CO2.
What is 4 to form oxaloacetate?
Proton gradient generated by electrons passed down the electron transport chain are used to mechanically turn this enzyme.
What is ATP synthase?
If you eat cyanide, you will die due to inhibition of Cytochrome oxidase but plants will not because they have this separate, back-up pathway.
What is the alternative respiratory pathway of plants?