Meiosis 1 vs Meiosis 2
In what stage does homologous chromosomes separate?
meiosis 1
what is crossing over?
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
What does independent assortment describe
how chromosomes are randomly distributed into gametes
what does haploid mean?
Having one set of chromosomes
During Prophase 1 the chromosomes condense and become what shape?
X shape
how many cells are produced at the end of meiosis 1?
2 cells
During which phase does crossing over occer
Prophase 1
during which phase does independent assortment occur
metaphase 1
what type of cells are haploid in humans?
Gametes (sperm and egg cells)
What is the structure that holds genetic information
Dna
what is the main difference between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2?
Meiosis 1 separates homologous chromosomes, Meiosis 2 separates sister chromomatids
What structures exchange DNA during crossing over?
chromatids
what is the result of independent assortment
genetic variation in offspring
How many chromosomes are in a human haploid cells?
23
What is fertilization?
The fusion of sperm and egg cells
are the cells haploid or diploid after Meiosis 1?
Haploid
why is crossing over important?
it increases genetic varistion
true or false Genes on different chromosomes assort independently
True
What process produces haploid cells?
Meiosis
what are two identical copies of chromosome called
sister chromatids
What is meiosis 1 called a reduction division?
It reduces the chromosome number from diploid to hapliod
what is the point where chromosomes cross over called
chiasma
why does independent assortment increase diversity
because different combinations of chromosomes are formed in gametes
Why are haploid cells important for reproduction?
So fertilization restores the diploid number
What would happen if meiosis did not reduce chromosome number?
chromosome numbers would double every generation