Vocabulary
What happens before cell division?
Before cell division occurs, the cell replicates, or copies, all of its DNA.
G1, S, and G2.
Name the main events of the cell cycle.
disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
What is cancer?
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
What is mitosis?
How is a cell's DNA like the books in a library?
This replication of DNA solves the problem of information storage because each daughter cell gets one complete set of genetic information. Thus, each daughter cell receives its own genetic “library.”
Describe what happens during each of the four phases of mitosis.
During prophase, the chromosomes become visible. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. During anaphase, the centromeres that join the sister chromatids split, allowing the sister chromatids to separate and become individual chromosomes. In telophase, the chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material.
What happens when cells do not respond to the signals that normally regulate their growth?
The divide uncontrollably
first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
What is prophase?
As a cell increases in size, which increases more rapidly, its surface area or its volume?
Each daughter cell has an increased ratio of surface area to volume.
an “in-between” period of growth in the cell cycle
Describe what happens during interphase.
How do cells respond to contact with other cells?
When cells come into contact with other cells, they respond by not growing.
second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
What is metaphase?
Give two reasons why cells divide.
replication of DNA solves the problem of information storage because each daughter cell gets one complete set of genetic information. Cell division also solves the problem of increasing size by reducing cell volume.
What are chromosomes made of?
Chromosomes are made up of DNA,which carries the cell's coded genetic information,and proteins
Why can cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle?
An astonishing number of cancer cells have a defect in a gene called p53, which normally halts the cell cycle until all chromosomes have been properly replicated.
the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
What is anaphase?
What happens before a cell becomes too large?
Before it becomes too large, a growing cell divides forming two “daughter” cells.
How do prokaryotic cells divide?
Binary fission -- In most prokaryotes, the rest of the process of cell division is a simple matter of separating the contents of the cell into two parts.
Stage in the cell cycle for non-dividing cells, such as neurons.
What is G0.
fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
What is telophase?