membrane components and structure
the main component of the plasma membrane features a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid taols
what is a phospholipid
this essential gas is listed as a substance that needs to be transported into all kinds of animal cells to survive
what is oxygen
all cells have this outer limit membrane that forms of the boundary of the cell
what is the plasma membrane/cell membrane
these are lipids in membranes with attached carbohydrates that act as surface receptors in cell signaling pathways
what are glycolipids
membranes use this process to control what is going and in and out of the cell
what is selective permeability
this lipid molecule acts a packing molecule and is important in membrane fluidity.
what is cholesterol
this gas is listed as a metabolic waste substance that needs to be transported out of all kinds of animal cells.
what is carbon dioxide
this membrane surrounds the nucleus to control the passage of genetic material and protect the DNA
what is the nuclear membrane
these are proteins with attached carbohydrates that act as receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters
what are glycoproteins
beyond acting as physical barriers, membranes also have this key functional role regarding cellular communication
what is enabling signaling
these proteins span the lipid bilayer, allowing large or water soluble substances to pass through.
what are carrier/channel proteins
water molecules pass between the phospholipid molecules through this specific passive process
what is osmosis
this organelle possesses an outer membrane and an inner membrane with folds that serve as attachment sites for aerobic respiration and enzyme activity
what is the mitochondria
besides cell signaling, glycolipids play a vital role in this specific cellular interaction and help stabilize membrane structure.
what is cell to cell recognition
lipid soluble molecules, such as gases and steroids, move through the membrane by this process down their concentration gradient
what is diffusion
proposed by Davison and Danielle this original historical model described the membrane as a lipid bilayer coated with protein.
what is the unit membrane model
this type of transport uses carrier proteins to move substances across the membrane against their concentration gradient
what is active transport
comprising stacks of membrane bound sacs this organelle packages materials for export or transport from the cell via secretory vesicles
what is the golgi apparatus
this membrane component is explicitly identified as being directly involved in cell signaling.
what are glycoproteins/glycolipids
marine organisms living in polar regions have a very high proportion of cholesterol in their membranes for this environmental adaptation
what is to stop membranes from freezing
according to the modern model, this flexible arrangement allows lipids and proteins to move laterally to provide selective permeability.
what is the fluid mosaic model
channel proteins enable these types of molecules to pass through the membrane by facilitated diffusion down their concentration gradient
what are polar water soluble molecules
this is the specific structural purpose of the inner membrane folds in mitochondria
what is creating an isolated compartment that allows a large surface area for ATP production
this is the dual function role that glycoproteins play involving external communication and interaction between neighboring cells
what is cell to cell recognition and acting as surface receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters
this comprehensive explanation accounts for how the fluid mosaic model maintains cellular properties
what is describing the membrane as a dynamic phospholipid bilayer where lipids and proteins move laterally to give the membrane flexible selective permeability