Gathering and Using Energy
[with Brain Boost Power]
Which structure controls the entry of glucose into the cell?
Cell Membrane
Which organelle stores water and helps maintain pressure in plant cells?
Vacuole
What is a role of the cytoskeleton in cell response?
A. Storing energy for the cell
B. Synthesizing proteins and enzymes
C. Controlling the cell’s DNA replication
D. Allowing movement and shape change
D. Allowing movement and shape change
What are chromosomes made of?
A. Protein only
B. RNA and proteins
C. DNA and proteins
D. Lipids and DNA
C. DNA and proteins
What cell structure allows plant cells to exchange materials directly?
Plasmodesmata
What is the energy currency of the cell?
ATP
What is the function of lysosomes in maintaining homeostasis?
A. Synthesizing cellular proteins
B. Digesting damaged organelles
C. Producing energy for the cell
D. Packaging proteins for transport
B. Digesting damaged organelles
What structure allows the cell to move in response to stimuli?
Cilia and Flagella
[with Target Freeze Power]
Which structure organizes spindle fibers in animal cells?
Centrioles
The cell wall in plants is made of cellulose. The cell wall in fungi is made of ______.
Chitin
Which of the following organelles is LEAST associated with protein processing and transport?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Transport vesicles
C. Mitochondrion
A cell is placed in a salty solution and begins to lose water. Which organelle plays a key role in controlling what enters and leaves the cell to help maintain its internal balance, and why is this important?
Cell membrane, because it regulates the movement of substances
A population of bacteria exposed to antibiotics begins to survive due to the sharing of a resistance gene. This gene is found on a plasmid. How does the presence of plasmids in bacterial cells contribute to evolution?
A. They increase energy production
B. They enable gene transfer
C. They help digest cell waste
D. They speed up cell division
B. They enable gene transfer
In cloning research, a donor nucleus is inserted into an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. What is the role of the nucleus in this process?
A. It contains genes that guide development
B. It supplies energy used during the process
C. It breaks down cell parts no longer needed
D. It helps move proteins to the membrane
A. It contains genes that guide development
Which of the following organelles is found only in plant and plant-like cells?
A. Lysosome
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondrion
D. Ribosome
B. Chloroplast
If a cell were a town, which part would be like roads and highways where materials are transported?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
[with Solo Strike Power]
A plant cell and an animal cell are placed in a sugar solution. Despite both losing water, one remains structurally supported. Which structure in the plant cell helps maintain this support?
Cell Wall
Scientists discover an ancient eukaryotic cell fossil with structures similar to mitochondria. This supports the endosymbiotic theory. What does this theory suggest about the origin of mitochondria?
A. They evolved from plant cells
B. They developed from the nucleus
C. They originated from engulfed prokaryotes
D. They were part of the plasma membrane
C. They originated from engulfed prokaryotes
Which of the following correctly describes the difference among nucleolus, nucleoid, and nucleus?
A. Nucleolus is the DNA region in prokaryotes; nucleoid is the RNA-producing region in eukaryotes; nucleus is the control center in prokaryotes
B. Nucleolus produces ribosomes inside the nucleus; nucleoid is the DNA region in prokaryotes; nucleus is the membrane-bound control center in eukaryotes
C. Nucleolus is the cell membrane; nucleoid is the nucleus in prokaryotes; nucleus produces proteins
D. Nucleolus contains mitochondria; nucleoid is found only in animals; nucleus is found only in plants
B. Nucleolus produces ribosomes inside the nucleus; nucleoid is the DNA region in prokaryotes; nucleus is the membrane-bound control center in eukaryotes
Which of the following is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Nucleolus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Chloroplast
C. Plasma membrane
A student argues that chloroplasts and mitochondria are both found in plant cells, but only mitochondria are found in animal cells. What is the most reasonable explanation?
Animal cells get energy from food, not photosynthesis
Which of the following best distinguishes lysosomes from peroxisomes?
A. Lysosomes break down carbohydrates; peroxisomes digest waste materials
B. Lysosomes digest waste using enzymes; peroxisomes detoxify using oxidation
C. Lysosomes form hydrogen peroxide; peroxisomes store cell materials
D. Lysosomes exist in plant cells only; peroxisomes in animal cells only
B. Lysosomes digest waste using enzymes; peroxisomes detoxify using oxidation
[with Freeze Gamble Power]
Which organelle is abundant in white blood cells to help digest invading bacteria?
Lysosome
Certain reptiles shed and regenerate their skin frequently. Which organelle is likely to be more abundant in the skin cells responsible for producing new proteins during this process?
Ribosomes
Which scenario best explains why antibiotics can target bacterial cells without harming human cells?
A. Human cells are smaller than bacterial cells
B. Human cells do not have ribosomes
C. Bacterial cells lack membrane-bound organelles
D. Bacterial cells have a different type of cell wall
D. Bacterial cells have a different type of cell wall