Column 1
Who was the first to see cells?
What did he observe to make this discovery?
Robert Hooke
A slice of cork
Organized or specialized structures within a living cell
organelles
What is the function of the ribosomes?
To produce proteins for the cell
Regulates what can enter or leave the cell
Plasma (cell) membrane
Contains and protects the DNA of the cell
Nucleus
Organelle that use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates and is the location for photosynthesis
This organelle is only located in _______ cells
Chloroplast
Plants
This organelle modifies and ships proteins and lipids around the cell
Golgi Body
This organelle contians digestive enzymes and destroys non-functioning organelles, invading pathogens, other contents of the cell.
Lysosomes
Dark region in the nucleus that creates ribosomes
nucleolus
Membrane sacs, larger than vesicles, that store substances such as water and food.
Vacuoles
Some proteins in the Golgi body are modified and become ____________
lysosomes
This organelle contains the enzymes oxidase and catalase and helps break down harmful substances in the body, like drugs and alcohol.
Peroxisome
Who is knonw as the father of the microscope?
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
This structure is connected to the outer nuclear envelope and has ribosomes attached to its surface.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER
Membrane bound organelle, that often contains proteins and lipids.
Also helps to transport materlas aroun the cell
Vesicle
Both of these structures together regulate what goes into and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pores
Organelle that is the location of cellular respiration and breaks down carbohydrates to produce ATP.
Mitochondria
This strucutre is connected to the nuclear envelope and one other organelle.
Hint it has no ribosomes on it
Smooth ER
What product does the Smooth ER produce?
After it makes these products where does it send them?
Lipids
To the Golgi Body
Name 3 features of a Prokaryotic Cell
No Nucleus
Lack membrane bound organelles
Less complex
Smaller in size
DNA in bacteria is typically circular (continuous)
Name and Define the 2 types of Vesicles
Transport Vesicle: Move materials within the cell
Secretory Vesicle: Store and release materials into the cell or to the extracellular environment
Name 3 features of a Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus
Complex interworking organelles (Membrane bound)
More complex
Larger in size
Linear DNA (Two open ends)
Theory that explains how Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are membrane bound organelles that were engulfed by Prokaryotic cells billions of years ago.
Endosymbiotic Theory
What does the Rough ER make?
What assists the Rough ER in making these products?
Proteins
Ribosomes
What are the 3 points to the cell theory?
1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the structural & functional unit of all living things.
3. Cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
What are the 3 parts to the cytoskeleton
Provide structural framework for the cell
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
What is some evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory? Name 2 pieces of evidence
1. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane, which suggests they were engulfed by a host cell in the past.
2. Both have their own circular DNA that is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus, similar to bacterial DNA.
3. The ribosomes within mitochondria and chloroplasts are more similar in size and structure to prokaryotic ribosomes than the larger ribosomes found in the eukaryotic cytoplasm.
4. Both replicate independently of the cell using a process similar to binary fission, like bacteria.
5. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to prokaryotic cells.
Name 4 differences between plant and animal cells
1. Large vacuoles in plant cells and small vacuoles in animal cells
2. Chloroplasts in plant cells
3. Cell wall in plant cells, no cell wall in animal cells
4. Plants have a rectangular shape and animal cells have a circular/irregular shape
5. Animal cells have lysosomes, plant cells do not
Name the 4 strucutres that are located in all cells no matter if they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Plasma (cell) membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Genetic Code / DNA
Name the organelles that make up the endomembrane system
Nuclear Envelope
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
Several types of Vesicles
Plasma Membrane