Cell Organelles
This organelle modifies, packages, and ships proteins.
Which organelle participates in apoptosis (programmed cell death)?
The type of cell that lacks a nucleus is called a _______________ cell.
Prokaryotic
This is the variable that is measured in an experiment.
Dependent variable
What is the natural process by which cells receive their nutrients?
Diffusion
These small structures attach to mRNA to create a polypeptide.
Ribosomes
ER and Golgi apparatus
Eukaryotic cells have these structures that compartmentalize functions.
Membrane-bound organelles
This part of the experiment is used for comparison and does not receive treatment.
Control group
As a cell increases in size, this ratio decreases.
The surface area-to-volume ratio.
This double-membraned organelle contains its own DNA and is responsible for the production of ATP.
Mitochondria
What is the endomembrane system and what organelles participate in it?
It is a group of organelles that work together to synthesize, modify, and package lipids and proteins.
Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, Plasma Membrane, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, transpor tvesicles
Bacteria and Archaea are examples of these types of cells.
Prokaryotes
A student tests whether temperature affects the rate of diffusion. What is temperature in this experiment?
The independent variable
Multicellular organisms are made of many small cells rather than a few large ones. Why?
To maximize surface area for exchange.
This organelle synthesizes lipids and detoxifies the cell.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
What happens as a protein travels through the flattened membrane sacs of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifications occur, such as the addition of glycolipids or "tags" that act as shipping labels.
What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA
We want to do an experiment that measures cell size and diffusion. What is the null hypothesis?
There is no relationship between cell size and diffusion.
These structures increase surface area in intestinal epithelia cells.
Microvilli
This organelle helps to maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
Vacuole
What occurs after a polypeptide has been synthesized by a ribosome?
It enters the Endoplasmic Reticulum to go through modifications such as alpha and beta folding (secondary structure) and hydrogen-bond folding (tertiary structure).
This theory explains how the mitochondria and chloroplasts originated.
What is a treatment? Give an example.
The specific independent variables. Example would be "30% salt, 50% salt, and 90% salt solutions"
A cube-shaped cell has a side length of 2 µm. What is its surface area-to-volume ratio?
What is 3:1 (SA = 24, V = 8)