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Organelles
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cell division
Molecule movement
100
What organelle contains the DNA of the cell?
Nucleus
100
What is the main purpose of respiration?
To produce ATP.
100
Where does the light phase of photosynthesis take place?
Thylakoids (grana)
100
What is the cell division for the growth and repair of cells?
Mitosis
100
What is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
Osmosis
200
What is the site of protein synthesis?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
200
What is the product of anaerobic repsiration in muscles?
Lactic acid
200
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water (sunlight and chlorophyll) --> glucose + oxygen
200
What are the products of mitosis?
Two identical daughter cells
200
What does active transport require that passive transport doesn't?
Energy
300
Describe the path of a protein, from its synthesis to movement out of the cell. Name the different organelles it comes into contact with.
1. Protein is made by the ribosomes on the rough ER 2. Protein is moved by vesicle to the Golgi body, where it is modified 3. Protein is moved by vesicle to the cell membrane, where it is moved out of the cell by exocytosis.
300
Give the word equation for respiration.
Glucose + oxygen --> water + carbon dioxide + ATP
300
Why are plant leaves green and roots white?
There is chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of the leaves which traps red and blue wavelengths for photosynthesis, and reflects green light, so the leaf looks green. Roots do not see the sun, so do not need chloroplasts or chlorophyll to undergo photosynthesis.
300
What must the cell undergo before it divides, and why?
DNA replication, so that each resultant daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
300
What is the uptake of a solid particle by a cell?
Phagocytosis
400
Why can enzymes not function at high heats?
Because they become denatured. Their shape is changed and the active site no longer fits with the substrate.
400
What are the 3 stages of respiration and where do they occur?
1. Glycolysis, cytoplasm 2. Krebs cycle, matrix of mitochondria 3. Electron transport chain, cristae of mitochondria
400
What is the second step of photosynthesis? Comment on its location, reactants, products and control.
The Calvin cycle, occurring in the stroma of the chloroplast, converts H (from water) and CO2 into glucose via a series of steps controlled by enzymes.
400
In order, what are the 5 phases of mitosis?
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
400
A plant cell is turgid in what type of solution?
Hypotonic
500
What is the structure AND function of the cell membrane?
Structure: it is a phospholipid bilayer (2 layers of phospholipids). The outside heads are hydrophilic and the inside layer is hydrophobic. It is a fluid mosaic model - there are proteins, cholesterol and carbohydrates floating in the membrane. Function: it is a semi-permeable membrane, and controls the entry and exit of substances into/out of the cell.
500
Why does an organism die in very high temperatures?
Because respiration is controlled by enzymes, and at very high temperatures enzymes dentaure, and they can no longer catalyse reactions. This means respiration will stop and the cell/organism can't make ATP, and so it will die.
500
What controls the main movement of water into and out of the leaf?
Stomata on the underside of the leaf
500
What are the 3 main enzymes involved in DNA replication and what is their function?
1. DNA helicase - unwinds the DNA double helix 2. DNA polymerase - adds new bases to the DNA template strand and proof-reads the new strand 3. DNA ligase - connects the DNA sections (Okazaki fragments) made on one of the template strands
500
What type of transport requires a protein for movement down a concentration gradient?
Facilitated diffusion