Cell Cycle
The period of time from the beginning of one cell division to the beginning of the next
What is the cell cycle?
Centromeres that join the sister chromatids split; chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes
What is anaphase?
Meiosis is also called _____________ division
What is reduction?
Biological inheritance is determined by factors that are passed from one generation to the next - these factors are called ________
What are genes?
The likelihood that something will occur
What is probability?
The division of the cell nucleus and cytokinesis
What is the M or mitosis phase?
Chromosomes become loose and begin to disperse; nuclear envelope reforms; spindle breaks apart
What is telophase?
Two sets of chromosomes - one from mom, one from dad
What are homologous?
Different forms of a gene
What are alleles?
A diagram that helps determine gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
What is a Punnett square?
The period of intense growth and activity
What is the G1 phase?
Chromosomes line up along center of the cell; microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the poles of the spindle
What is metaphase?
Chromosomes line up - similar to mitosis, except the homologous chromosomes for a tetrad; crossing over can occur producing new sets of alleles
What is Meiosis I? Also acceptable Prophase I
Separation of alleles is also called
What is segregation?
Two identical alleles
What is homozygous?
Usually the shortest phase: organelles and proteins required for cell division are produced
What is G2?
Longest phase of mitosis; chromosomes become visible; nucleolus disappears; nuclear envelope breaks downs
What is prophase?
Cells from Meiosis I enter 2nd division; cell does not replicate but divides again
What is Meiosis II?
A _____________ is a whole bunch of genes linked together into organized structure (in eukaryotes it is linear/in prokaryotes it is circular)
What are chromosomes?
Two different alleles
What is heterozygous?
Chromosomes are duplicated and the synthesis of DNA molecules takes place
What is the S phase?
In animals, cell membrane pinches in at the middle; in plants cell plate forms midway through the cell beginning at the cell wall: two distinct cells begin to form
What is cytokinesis?
At the end of Meiosis ______ (#) haploid cells are formed
What is 4?
The ______________ of ______________ states that some alleles are dominant and other are recessive
What is the law of dominance?
These are the physical features of an organism ________________.
OR
These are the genetic make-up of an organism ____________
What is phenotype or genotype