CELL CYCLE
Which is the median rate of the Cell Cycle duration?
12 - 24 hrs
What is the key activity of Mitosis?
The accurate separation of the cell’s replicated DNA.
What is Cancer? How is it related to the Cell Cycle?
Uncontrolled growth and division of cells, a failure in Cell Cycle regulation.
What is a Stem Cell?
Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions.
In which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
What is the definition of Cell Cycle? Which are the stages/steps of the Cell Cycle?
Cycle by which a cell reproduce by both growing and dividing.
Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis.
Which are the Stages of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.
Define Apoptosis
Programmed cell death.
Whats is a Gene?
Segments by which DNA arranges on Chromosomes.
Final result of Meiosis.
Four haploid cells.
Is Cytokinesis part of Mitosis? Explain your answer.
No, it’s a separate step that comes after Mitosis. Part of the Cell Cycle not of Mitosis
Define the Spindle Apparatus.
Group of Microtubules and Microfilaments that help in the movement and division of chromosomes.
What is a Diploid Cell?
Combination of two haploid cells through fertilization.
Which are the two types of Stem Cells?
Embryonic stem cells and Adult stem cells
Define Homologous Chromosomes.
Chromosomes that make up a pair, one chromosome from each parent.
Define Interphase.
Cell grows, develops into a mature, functioning cell, duplicates its DNA and prepares for division.
Name one of the other functions of Mitosis?
Increases the number of cells as a young organism grows to its adult size.
Replaces damaged cells.
What causes the change in Cell Regulation when talking about Cancer?
Mutations and changes in DNA segments that control the production of proteins that regulate the Cell Cycle
How many chromosomes does each parent contribute?
23 chromosomes.
What is the definition of Meiosis?
Type of cell division which reduces the number of chromosomes (Reduction Division). Process by which gametes are formed.
How is Interphase divided? Which stage of Interphase does certain cells, such as nerve and muscle cells, exit in?
3 Main Stages: G1, S, G2
G1
What happens to the spindle apparatus at the end of Telophase?
It disassembles and gets recycled to build part of the Cytoskeleton.
We know that the role of Cyclins and CDK is to regulate the Cell Cycle. Name two of the activities that the Cyclin + CDK complex is in charge of.
Start the Cycle
DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis
Nuclear Division
End of Cycle.
What is the difference between the both types of Stem Cells?
Embryonic stem cells have the capacity to develop into a wide variety of specialized cells. (Every type of tissue)
Adult stem cells can only be used in the same kind of tissue in which they were found.
Define Crossing over.
Process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes.