Metabolism 1
Food is a type of _____ energy
chemical
During every energy transformation, some energy is lost as _____
heat
Does glycolysis occur in the cytoplasm or in the mitochondria?
in the cytoplasm
How many ATP is created during pyruvate oxidation?
0 ATP
What organelle in plants does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplast
What effects do enzymes have to the activation energy?
lower the activation energy
What effects do enzymes have to ΔG?
no effect
The greatest amount of ATP is created during the _____ process of oxidative phosphorylation
chemiosmosis
How many ATP is created during lactic acid fermentation?
2 ATP
What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?
the light reactions, the Calvin cycle
In an anabolic pathway, energy is _____
required / absorbed / consumed
For a reaction where energy is released, ΔG is _____ than 0
less / smaller
In the citric acid cycle, ATP is created by _____ phosphorylation
substrate-level
How many ATP is created in the electron transport chain?
0 ATP
During photosynthesis, ATP is created in the light reactions, in the Calvin cycle, or in both?
in the light reactions only
When a system is at _____, no work can be done
equilibrium
In _____ inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme
competitive
When a substance loses electrons, is it oxidized or reduced?
oxidized
When a substance gains electrons, it is a(n) _____ agent
oxidizing
The pigment chlorophyll a _____ green light
reflects / transmits
What are the 3 types of work a cell can do?
chemical, transport, mechanical
What does energy coupling mean?
exergonic reaction is used to drive endergonic reaction
What are the 4 stages of cellular respiration in order?
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorlyation
Which enzyme is responsible for creating ATP using the H+ gradient during chemiosmosis?
ATP synthase
The Calvin cycle uses _____ and _____ from the light reactions to produce sugars
ATP, NADPH