Mitosis
What is the process where a single cell divides to form two identical daughter cells?
Mitosis... duh!
What type of cell division results in four genetically diverse daughter cells?
Meiosis... duh!
What does the cell theory state about living organisms?
All living things are made of cells.
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
What structure gives plant cells their shape and rigidity?
Cell wall
Which organelle is responsible for holding water, waste, and food? How is it different in the animal cell than in the plant cell?
Vacuole. There are many smaller vacuoles in an animal cell, and one central vacuole in a plant cell.
What is the process called when water moves across a semi-permeable membrane?
Osmosis
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align in the center of the cell?
Metaphase
How many chromosomes are present in human gametes after meiosis?
23 chromosomes
Who were the scientists involved in the development of the cell theory? (name 2)
Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, Van Leeuwenhoek
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Name one difference between plant cells and animal cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.
What is the role of the cell membrane in animal cells?
It regulates what enters and exits the cell.
Define diffusion. (draw a picture or give an example)
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
What are the main purposes of mitosis in organisms?
Growth and repair of tissues
What is crossing over and why is it important in meiosis?
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes; it increases genetic diversity.
Why is the cell theory considered a fundamental concept in biology?
It explains how organisms are structured and function.
Name the organelle that contains genetic material.
Nucleus
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
To convert sunlight into energy (glucose).
How do animal cells differ from plant cells in terms of shape?
Animal cells are usually round; plant cells are rectangular.
How does osmosis differ from diffusion?
Osmosis specifically involves water; diffusion can involve any substance.
How does mitosis differ from meiosis? (2 examples)
Mitosis produces identical cells; meiosis produces diverse cells.
What are the stages of meiosis?
Meiosis I and Meiosis II
How does the cell theory demonstrate the nature of science?
It is based on observations and experiments in science.
What is the function of the ER (endoplasmic reticulum)?
It helps in protein and lipid synthesis.
****How do plant cells store energy?
They store energy in the form of starch.
What are lysosomes and what is their function?
They break down waste and cellular debris.
Why is cellular transport important for maintaining homeostasis?
It helps maintain balance in the cell's internal environment.
What is the significance of the mitotic spindle during cell division?
It helps separate chromosomes during cell division.
Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction.
It produces gametes (sperm and eggs) for reproduction.
What are the implications of the cell theory for understanding life processes?
It helps us understand the basic unit of life.
How do organelles work together to support life processes?
They work together to perform essential functions.
****Describe how the structure of plant cells supports photosynthesis.
Their structure allows them to capture sunlight for photosynthesis.
Explain how animal cells adapt to their environment.
They can change shape and adapt to different environments.
Describe how active transport differs from passive transport.
Active transport requires energy; passive transport does not.