Cell Theory
All organisms are made up of one or more __________.
Cells
The purpose of all cells is to produce what?
Proteins
All cells maintain a boundary that prevents and allows certain materials to pass through, what is this boundary called?
Cell membrane
What is the difference between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough has ribosomes and smooth does not
Rough is for proteins while smooth is for lipids
This term means "before the nucleus" and describes many bacteria cells.
Prokaryote
Theodore Schwann was one of the first scientists to observe these types of cells.
Animal cells
All cells feature genetic material, in what form is genetic material stored?
DNA
This organelle is present in both animal and plant cells, but is much larger in plant cells.
Vacuole
Which organelle creates a vesicle for transporting materials?
Golgi Apparatus
or the cell membrane
Describe one major difference between plant and animal cells
Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
Animal cells are less rectangular and have a less defined shape.
Animal cells may have cilia/flagella
Plant cells photosynthesize and have fewer mitochondria
Where do all cells come from?
Pre-existing cells
What is the highest magnification of our microscopes in this classroom? (high power)
400x
What is produced by mitochondria?
(double points if you get the exact name)
Energy
ATP
What is the jelly like fluid that fills the interior of a cell called?
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells are more complex and include organisms such as protists, plants, animals, and what other major domain?
Fungi
Cells are the basic units that determine __________ and ___________.
Structure and Function
What organelle stores DNA and controls cell function?
the nucleus
Why are chloroplasts green?
In order to absorb the right amount (and type) of solar energy to complete photosynthesis
Which organelle is like the cleanup crew and breaks down waste within the cell?
Lysosomes
What unique protective barrier do bacteria cells have?
A capsule
What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek call the cells in pond water that he discovered?
Animacules
Why do samples of things like potatoes or onions need to be sliced extremely thin in order to be seen by our microscopes?
Because light microscopes show the image by passing light through the sample. If the sample is too thick no light will pass through.
What is one of the three specific types of cytoskeleton?
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Centrioles
Which organelle has its own DNA, different from the rest of the cell/nucleus?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts b/c they were once likely their own prokaryotic organisms.
Name an animal cell that has a flagellum
sperm cells