Ligands
This ligand is produced by fat cells and downregulates appetite while upregulating metabolic rate
What is leptin
These receptors are dimerized by ligand binding
What are RTKs?
the enzyme that can convert ATP into cAMP
What is adenylyl cyclase?
A local signal not involving the blood system
What is paracrine
This ligand is an autocrine negative regulator of muscle growth
what is myostatin?
These receptors can bind to DNA
What is a nuclear receptor?
An ATP derivative used as a signaling molecule
what is cyclic AMP?
a hormonal signaling involving the blood system
What is endocrine?
The gene promoter activated by leptin and erythropoietin
What is a cytokine response element?
Activation of this receptor increases cAMP levels
What is dopamine receptor 1 / GPCR?
The only ion known to be a 2nd messenger
What is calcium?
A secreted signal detected by the same cell or type of cell.
What is autocrine?
This ligand is the end product of a synthesis pathway that starts with Tyrosine as a precursor.
What is dopamine?
An intracellular receptor that senses amino acid levels
What is mTOR?
Dopamine receptor 2 signaling lowers the amount of this second messenger
what is cyclic AMP?
The type of signaling used to neurons to communicate with one another
What is synaptic?
This ligand is a positive regulator of muscle growth
Insulin-like growth factor 1
A signal where both ligand and receptor are transmembrane or membrane anchored proteins
What is cell-attached signaling?