Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer
The cell cycle checkpoint which checks for DNA mutations prior to DNA replication
What is the G1/S checkpoint?
The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes of the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
What is anaphase?
The domain found in all membrane receptors which allows them to embed within the membrane
What is the transmembrane domain?
The signaling molecule
What is a ligand?
Chromosomes that are similar as they have the same genes at the same locations all along their length
What are homologous chromosomes?
Programmed cell death
What is apoptosis?
The stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope disassembles
What is prophase?
The second messenger which activates the response protein known as protein kinase c
What is diacylglycerol (DAG)?
The response protein that is activated by cyclic AMP (cAMP)
What is protein kinase A?
The structure holding together the duplicated homologous chromosomes within a tetrad/bivalent
What is the synaptonemal complex?
The stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope reassembles
What is telophase?
The form of cell signaling which is considered long distance as it releases specialized signaling molecules known as hormones into the bloodstream
What is endocrine signaling?
The effector protein which releases inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)
What is phospholipase C?
The process where homologous chromosomes exchange small fragments of DNA
What is crossing over?
Molecules which, when active, allow the cell to progress past a checkpoint
What are cyclin-dependent kinases?
The stage of interphase where DNA is replicated
What is S?
The space between a neuron and the cell with which it is communicating with during synaptic signaling
What is the synaptic gap?
The kinases which trigger cell division after being activated during receptor tyrosine kinase transduction
What are mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases?
The stage of meiosis where homologues are pulled to opposite ends of the cell
What is anaphase I?
The cell cycle checkpoint which determines whether or not the chromosomes are properly aligned prior to being separated
What is the late metaphase/spindle checkpoint?
The movement of sister chromatids toward the center of the cell
What is congression?
The response protein which is activated by calcium
What is calmodulin?
The domain/region of the intracellular receptor which activates gene expression
What is the transcription activating domain?
The random alignment of tetrads at the center of the cell in metaphase I
What is independent assortment?