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The Three "Stages"
Receptors
Wait... Did we learn that?
100
This is the communication between cells that are next to each other.
What is Local Signaling.
100

Reception, Transduction, Response

What are the 3 stages.

100

This is the main way that cells bind and respond. This receptor is made of Alpha and Beta chains.

What is an Integrin or CAM

100
These are any enzymes that can remove a phospate group for a protein.
What is a Protein Phosphatase.
200
This is the chemical messages sent to far away cells.
What is Long-Distance Signaling.
200
It is a chain reaction that moves a signal through chemicials to a final area to induce a response.
What is transduction.
200

Often linked to taste and olfactory responses. 

What are G-Linked Receptors.

200
This chemical is formed from ATP when Addenylyl Cyclase gets activated by a G-Protein.
What is cAMP (or Cyclic Adenosine).
300
This is one of the Long Distance Signaling chemicals.
What is a hormone.
300

This is when a signal molecule attaches to a special protein, beginning a reaction.

What is Reception.

300

It is made of seven transmembrane alpha helices that are non catalytic receptors.

GPCR

300
This is a protein that regulates whether or not a gene gets transcribed into mRNA.
What is the transcription Factor.
400
This is the movement of any charged particle.
What is electricity.
400
When a message is given to a cell and the cell alters in some way.
What is Response.
400

This specific type of receptor does not reside on the plasma membrane; instead, it binds to small, nonpolar ligands like testosterone or estrogen and travels directly into the nucleus to act as a transcription factor

What is an Intracellular Receptor (or Steroid Hormone Receptor)

400
These are different proteins that can carry different sets of kinases.
What are Scaffolding Proteins.
500
It is chemical that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse.
What is a Neurotransmitter.
500

This is an enzyme catalyzing transfer of a phosphate group.

What is a Kinase.

500

Signal ligands to bind to two receptor polypeptides, Activates the interior tyrosine kinases by adding phosphates, activates relay proteins. What do we call the coupling of tyrosine kinases?

Dimers/Dimerization

500

Unlike G-protein coupled receptors, this class of membrane receptors must undergo dimerization and autophosphorylation of their intracellular domains before they can activate multiple different relay proteins simultaneously

RTK/ Tyrosine receptor Kinases