Cell Cycle
What are the stages of Mitosis?
PMAT
Prophase, Metaphase Anaphase, Telophase
What does the Genome contain?
It contains the complete set of genes or genetic material in a cell or organism.
What is a zygote?
A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of the sperm and egg.
What are Specialized Cells?
Cells that are specialized to perform a specific function.
What is fertilization?
The combination of male and female gametes to produce a zygote.
Which nitrogen bases pair together.
A(Adenine)=T(Thymine)
C(Cytosine)=G(Guanine)
What are Germ cells?
Cells that become reproductive cells and will under go meiosis
What is Gene Expression?
The process by which genetic information generates a specific protein or trait.
What is the end result of Mitosis?
2 identical daughter cells
What is haploid and what is diploid?
Haploid: Half the amount of chromosomes, 23 chromosomes
Diploid: Has chromosomes from each parent, 23 pairs= 46 chromosomes.
This structure forms during prophase and is responsible for moving chromosomes apart during cell division.
What is the Blastula Blastocyst?
A ball of cells that become differentiated.
What is a karyotype?
A picture of a chromosome.
What vocabulary word is this "The process through which a cell develops and specializes to perform a certain function."
Differentiation
This checkpoint occurs before a cell enters DNA replication and ensures the cell is large enough, and DNA is undamaged?
G1 checkpoint
How many bounds are in each pair (hint, A=T and C=G)
A=T: double bounds
C=G: 3 bounds
What cells does the Ectoderm contain (hint 3 cells)
Skin cells, Nerve cells, Pigment cell
What is in the Mesoderm (hint 5)
Bone tissue, Red blood cells, muscles, mid line organs, spindle cord.
Although all cells contain the same DNA, this determines which genes are turned on or off in a specific cell type?
What is the difference between Helicase and DNA Polymerase, in nitrogen bases?
Helicase= cuts the nitrogen bases
DNA Polymerase= assemble the new DNA molecules.
What nitrogen bases are under Purine, and which are under Pyrimidine and how many rings are there in each?
Purine: Adenine and Guanine, 2 rings
Prymadine: Thymine and Cytosine, 1 ring
Muscle cells contain more of this organelle because it is needed for energy production during contraction.
Mitochondria
In multicellular organisms, this explains why liver cells and nerve cells have different structures even though they contain the same DNA.
Selective gene expression
Red blood cells lose this during specialization to maximize oxygen transport efficiency.
Nucleus
Cancer can result when mutations affect genes that normally regulate the cell cycle, causing cells to bypass checkpoints and divide uncontrollably. These genes are most directly responsible for what function?
Regulating the cell cycle.