VOCABULARY
This is the control center of the cell; directs all cell activities, houses the DNA
What is the nucleus?
This experiment showed that macromolecules could form in early Earth due to a combination of gases, the primordial soup, and lightning strikes.
What is the Miller-Urey experiment
Animals are made of ________ cells
eukaryotic
PROKARYOTIC CELL
What is a cell that does not contain a nucleus
The monomer of carbohydrates
What are monosaccharides?
These are small, membrane-bound structures that demonstrated that macromolecules could bond together to form cell-like structures
All prokaryotic cells have negative effects on humans and other animals. true or false?
what is false
Eukaryotic Cell
What is a cell that contains its DNA in a nucleus
(also would accept larger, has organelles, etc.)
The INNER structure of a plant cell that helps keep its shape and store water
What is a vacuole
We used gum arabic in the origins lab. gum arabic is a carbohydrate. What's the function of carbohydrates?
structure (cell walls)
Name three differences between plant and animal cell structure.
What are a big vacuole vs. a small vacuole, a cell wall vs. no cell wall, chloroplasts vs. no chloroplasts, many lysosomes vs. a few lysosomes, and a rectangular shape vs. a round shape?
Flagella
What is tail like structures on the outside of prokaryotic and some eukaryotic cells that help it move
Monomer: Amino Acids
Special part of monomer: R group
In the origins lab, we used gelatin, a protein, to make coacervates. What happens if we put a protein in an environment not fit for its function?
What is denaturation?
List three advantages of eukaryotic cell structure
What is...
increased surface area, more area for chemical reactions/compartmentalization of reactions, larger, more complex, has a nucleus to hold DNA, potential for cells w/ specialized functions and more diversity in cell types, different types of organisms that have eukaryotic cells, and work together to form multicellular organisms
Macromolecules
What are large molecules that are made of polymers that make up all living things?
Name one structural difference between the rough and smooth ER. How does that structural difference relate to its difference in function?
Rough contains ribosomes-makes proteins
Smooth does not have ribosomes-makes lipids
The structure in a cell that transports structures from the cell
What is the golgi apparatus?
Cyanobacteria were one of the first oxygen-generating organisms. Cyanobacteria are made of prokaryotic cells, which sometimes absorb DNA from the environment. What is that process called?
transformation
divide on their own inside cells like prokaryotes
have their own DNA which is diff. from eukaryotic cell DNA AND is circular, like prokaryotes (can count as 2)
have double membranes (one original and one from 'engulfment')
have their own ribosomes that are more similar to prokaryotic ribosomes than eukaryotic ribosomes
similar size to prokaryotes