Discovering Cells
What invention allowed scientists to first see cells?
Microscope
What are the two main types of cells?
Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes
What unique structure is found in plant cells that provides support?
Cell wall
What organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"?
Mitochondria
What organelle can be referred to as the control center?
Nucleus
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek first call the microorganisms that he viewed under the microscope?
Animalcules
What structure surrounds and protects the cell?
Cell Membrane (plasma membrane)
Name the pigment found in plant cells that is crucial for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes make proteins.
What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
Who coined the name the "cell"?
Robert Hooke
Describe the function of the nucleus
The nucleus contains the cells genetic material and controls its activities
What is the function of the central vacuole in a plant cell?
Stores water, enzymes, and waste products
Describe the role of the endoplasmic reticulum.
ER is involved in protein (rough) and lipid (smooth) synthesis.
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?
Cristae
What did Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann determine about plants and animals?
They are made up of cells
What is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?
Cytoplasm - all of cell's contents excluding the nucleus
Cytosol- fluid part of the cytoplasm
How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
Give me two things that differ.
Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles.
Animal cells have centrioles
What is the function of the Golgi Body?
Packages proteins and lipids to be transported throughout the cell or to others cells.
List the four types of proteins that make up the cytoskeleton in animal cells.
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments
Centrioles
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
-All living things are made of cells
-Cells are the basic unit for structure and function
-Cells come from pre-existing cells
Explain the role of the plasma membrane.
What is the role of chloroplasts in cells?
Convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
Explain how lysosomes contribute to cellular digestion.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials.
Explain the steps in protein synthesis and processing.
Proteins are made in ribosomes on rough ER
Vesicles carry proteins from ER to Golgi
Golgi packages and puts in vesicles
Some vesicles are released out of cell and some stay in cell