Cell Theory and Types
This theory states that all living things are made of cells, and new cells arise only from preexisting cells
Cell Theory
The plasma membrane is made of this double layer
Phospholipid bilayer
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy.
Diffusion
This organelle contains DNA and controls cell functions
Nucleus
The cell’s main energy molecule.
ATP
These are the two main categories of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
This model describes the cell membrane as flexible with proteins floating in it
Fluid-mosaic model
The diffusion of water across a membrane
Osmosis
These are the sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
The powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
This type of cell lacks a nucleus
Prokaryotic Cell
These carbohydrate chains on proteins and lipids act as ID tags for cells.
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
When a red blood cell shrinks in a salty solution, it’s called this
Crenation
The “post office” of the cell that modifies and packages proteins.
Golgi apparatus
This process breaks glucose into pyruvate and produces 2 ATP.
Glycolysis
Name one kingdom made of Eukaryotic cells.
Animals, plants, fungi, or protists
Small gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through the membrane this way.
Simple diffusion
This type of transport requires ATP to move molecules from low to high concentration
Active Transport
These organelles contain digestive enzymes and help break down waste.
Lysosomes
The electron transport chain requires this gas and produces the most ATP.
Oxygen (O2)
Smaller Cells are more efficient due to this ratio
Surface-area-to-volume ratio
These specialized channels allow water to cross the membrane
Aquaporins
Engulfing large particles like bacteria is this form of endocytosis.
Phagocytosis
The cell’s skeleton made of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments.
Cytoskeleton
Without oxygen, cells switch to this process that produces lactic acid.
Fermentation