Organelles and Their Functions
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes: smaller, DNA in cytoplasm, no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes: Bigger, DNA in nucleus, membrane bound organelles
Which is hydrophobic and which is hydrophilic: Phospholipid head and tail?
Phosphate Head = Hydrophilic
Fatty Acid Tail = Hydrophobic
What is a hypotonic solution?
has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water compared to another solution
What is the difference between active and facilitated transport?
Facilitated transport moves substances down their concentration gradient using carrier/channel proteins without ATP - Diffusion
Active transport moves substances against their gradient using protein pumps, requiring ATP
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is how your body systems regulate and maintain themselves. When they do, it's easier for your body to function at its best.
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells: cell wall, large central vacule, chloroplasts
Animal cells:Lysosomes, centrosomes
What is the name of the structure that makes most of the cell membrane?
The phospholipid bilayer
What is a hypertonic solution?
has a higher solute concentration and a lower water concentration compared to another solution
Which way does active transport move?
Low to high concentration/against the gradient
What did Hooke discover?
Discovered and coined the term "cell"
What is the function of ribosomes? Where are they found?
Protein synthesis, Attached to Rough ER or in cytoplasm
What molecules can pass directly through the cell membrane?
small non-polar molecules like oxygen or carbon
Why is drinking sea water dangerous?
What is the difference between Endocytosis and Exocytosis?
Endocytosis - cell TAKES IN large molecules using a vesicle
Exocytosis - REMOVES large waste from cell using vesicle
What did Leeuwenhoek discover?
Microorganisms
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum into vesicles for delivery to their correct destinations inside or outside the cell
What protein lets water pass in and out of the cell?
Aquaporin
Why is having an IV of pure water dangerous?
Pure water will enter your cells through osmosis, because it hypotonic, causing dangerous cell expansion and even Lysis
Describe the function of the Sodium Potassium Pump
3 Sodium go out of cell, 2 sodium go in and one ATP is used during each cycle
What are the three parts of Cell Theory?
(1) all living things are made of cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of life, and (3) all cells come from pre-existing cells