Macromolecules
Microscopes/ Theory vs Law
Cell Theory/Organelles
Organelles
Cell Transport
100
What are the four macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, & Nucleic Acids
100
______________ describes what happens and _______________ describes why something happens
Law describes what happens and theory describes why something happens
100
Which process is done inside the mitochondria?
Cellular Respiration (making energy)
O2 + Glucose --> CO2 + H2O + ATP
Done in plants and animals!
100
Which organelle is used in making proteins?
Ribosome
Found in all cells
100
What is the main difference between passive and active transport?
Active requires energy (ATP) and passive is no energy
200
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group
Pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
Nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C)
200
What does a theory need to be widely supported amongst most scientisits?
Scientific theories are the culmination of many scientific investigations drawing together all current evidence
200
Which process is done in chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight ---> O2 + Glucose
200
This organelle is only found in eukaryotic cells and its function is to house the genetic material of the cell.
Nucleus
200
Briefly define endocytosis and exocytosis.
Both are bulk transport - moving large molecules (active transport)
Endocytosis - taking in
Exocytosis - moving out
300
Give one example of each macromolecule.
Carbohydrate: glucose, cellulose, lactose, glycogen, starch, fructose
Protein: hemoglobin, lactase, insulin, keratin, myoglobin
Lipids: Wax, oil, fats, phospholipids, steroid hormones, triglycerides
Nucleic acids: DNA & RNA
300
Which microscope type would be best fit to look at a living sample collected from pond water?
Compound light microscope
300
Based on the cell theory, what is the role of cells in all living things?
Cells are the basic operating units of living organisms
300
What are the 2 main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex because they have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler
300
What is the cell membrane made of?
Phospholipid bilayer and protein channels
400
What are the monomers for each macromolecule?
Carbohydrate: monosaccharide (one sugar unit)
Protein: amino acids
Lipid: glycerol & fatty acids
Nucleic acids: nucleotide
400
Which microscope would be used to view a whole specimen, such as a barnacle?
Dissection Microscope
400
What are the 3 major differences between plant and animal cells?
Plants have chloroplasts, cell walls, and a larger vacuole
Also, plant cells are fixed shape and animal cells have irregular shape
400
Why is the vacuole larger in plant cells?
To store more and exert pressure onto the cell wall to provide structural support
400
What are the three types of passive transport?
Simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, & Osmosis
500
Name one function for each of the 4 macromolecules.
Carbohydrates: short term energy (immediate use)
Proteins: transport of materials, storage, aid in movement, enzymes, structural (hair, nails), regulatory
Lipids: long term energy storage, make up cell membranes, chemical messengers (hormones), protect/insulate
Nucleic acids: genetic information
500
Which microscope type can only be used if the specimen is not living (dead)?
Transmission Electron Microscope
500
What are the 3 components of the cell theory?
1. All cells come from pre-existing cells
2. All living things are composed of cells (or single cell)
3. Cells are the basic structural unit of all organisms
500
What are the two components that make up the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments and microtubules
500
What are the three types of active transport?
Ion pumps, Endocytosis, & Exocytosis