Cell Theory
Which of the following is not stated in “the cell theory?"
1. all living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. all cells create their own food.
3. all cells come from pre-existing cells.
4. the cell is the basic unit of life.
all cells create their own food.
Which of the following parts of a cell is responsible for making photosynthesis possible?
The chloroplasts
What is the first phase of mitosis?
Interphase
The structure that moves water up the plant is called the ______________.
The xylem
True or false:
An electron microscope uses a lens and a light source to magnify a specimen. It is the most common and versatile type of microscope today.
False
What is the difference between an abiotic and a biotic components? Give an example of both.
Abiotic components are non living components (water, soil, light) and biotic factors are living components (animals, plants, bacteria).
True or false:
A vacuole is a rod-like structure in the nucleus of a cell. It contains the genetic information of a cell.
False
List the six phases of mitosis in order.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis.
What is a solute?
The substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a homogenous mixture.
What do probiotics do?
Probiotics help your body maintain a good amount of microorganisms (bacteria) that support your gut and overall health.
Bacteria is alive. List 4 reasons why you know this.
1. It is a cell
2. It can collect energy and resources
3. It can grow
4. It can make copies of itself
What is cell specialization/differentiation?
Where cells differ in structure and function in order to carry out specific tasks around the body.
What occurs in anaphase?
Centrosomes pull apart, causing spindle fibres to lengthen and pull chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
Explain the state of a plant when it has low turgor pressure.
Low turgor pressure means that the cells inside the plant have a low water concentration and the plant needs water. Extra: closing the stoma would help preserve water.
Why are pesticides harmful to humans?
List the 5 levels of organization of the human body. Give 1 example of each.
Cell → Basic building blocks of all living things. Ex. Animal cell
Tissue → Group of cells that have a similar function. Ex. Muscle tissue
Organ → A group of cells that performs a function. Ex. Heart
Organ System → A group of organs. Ex. Respiratory system.
Organism → A form of life. Ex. A human
Compare and contrast animal and plant cells. List three points why they are similar and three points why they are different.
Similar:
1. They both have mitochondria
2. They both need water to survive
3. They both have a cell membrane and can undergo diffusion and osmosis
Different:
1. Plant cells have a cell wall
2. Plant cells have chloroplast that carry out photosynthesis to create energy
3. Animal cells are much more specialized
Why is mitosis important for humans? What do cells do after mitosis?
Mitosis is important for humans because we need various cells to survive. After mitosis cells go through cell specialization in order to carry out different tasks around the body.
Explain why having a semi-permeable membrane is important for cells.
A semi permeable membrane is important for cells because it allows cells to exchange nutrients and wastes while otherwise maintaining control over their own contents and still being able to perform endocytosis and exocytosis.
List two reasons bacteria can be beneficial.
1. Bacteria is essential for our gut health, helping us absorb and digest food.
2. Bacteria can be used to clean up oil spills by making them capable of eating petroleum as food.
How do viruses infect living cells? How might a vaccine reduce the likelihood of you catching a viral infection?
Viruses attach onto living cells and use the cells internal mechanisms to replicate. Vaccines may reduce the likelihood of catching a viral infection as vaccines introduce a small amount of an infected cell into the body (not enough to get you sick), which allows the body to produce antibodies and activate other immune cells to fight off what it thinks is an infection.
What will occur inside a plant cell (on a cellular level) during a drought? How may this impact the plant?
During a drought, a plant cell will try to maintain water balance inside the plant. This means the vacuole may shrink a little bit, allowing enough water to attempt to keep the plant turgid (upright and healthy). The stoma in the leaves will close to try to retain water and avoid transpiration. Although the plant will try to retain water as best as possible, lack of water may still cause the plant to wilt or die.
What might happen if the cell accidentally split into 3 cells, instead of two?
There would not be enough DNA in each of the cells. This could cause further mutations in the body.
If a cell has a high concentration of a solute, what will water do if it is surrounding the cell?
Water will rush into the cell.
Why is clear-cutting trees harmful to the environment and humans?
Clear cutting is harmful to the environment because without plants and trees, oxygen in the atmosphere would decrease and carbon dioxide would be in excess. This could impact air quality, which may be harmful to humans. Additionally, trees serve as an important habitat for animals, so animals could be impacted as well. Finally, clear-cutting could impact soil composition which could be detrimental to microorganisms and the ability for new trees and plants to grow back.