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Type of cell signaling
Stages
Transduction
Response
This and That
100
A signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response in a series of steps.
What is a signal transduction pathway?
100
Reception - Transduction - Response
What are the three stages of a signal transduction pathway
100
Binding leads to a change in the receptor that triggers a series of changes.
What is transduction
100
The transduction signal triggers a specific cellular actiivity.
What is Response
100
A gas whose small size allows it to pass into a cell.
What is Nitric oxide (NO)
200
a secreting cell acts on nearby target cells.
What is Paracrine signaling
200
A molecule taht specifically binds to another molecule. Generally causes a receptor protein to change.
What is Ligand
200
Involves secreting cells acting on nearby target cells by releasing local regulators into extracellular fluid.
What is Paracrine signaling
300
electrical signal along a nerve cell triggers the secreation of a chemical signal. Neurotransmitter.
What is synapthic signaling
300
GTP (guanosine triphosphate)
What activates a G protein
300
Activates the breakdown of glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle cells.
The signal transduction pathway in animal cells that use epinephrine
400
Investigated how epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen.
Who is Earl W. Sutherland (1971)
400
Can cataliyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to the amino acid tyrosine on a substrate protein.
What is Tyrosine kinase
400
Membrane receptors that attach phosphate to specific amino acids in proteins are these.
What is receptor tyrosine-kinases
500
Elevates the cytosolic concentraction of cyclic AMP
Sutherland discovered that epinephrine:
500
Calcium ions, cyclic AMP, and inositol trisphosphate
What is widely used as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways?
500
brings a conformational change in each protein
What is signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of protein.
500
Receptor tyrosine kinases
The receptors for a group of signaling molecules known as growth factors are often.
500
G proteins
60% of all medicine used today exert their effects by influencing these structures in the membrane.