Vocabulary
A cell in a hypotonic solution will:
What is 'swell and eventually burst?'
These proteins act like 'open doorways' that allow unrestricted movement of certain molecules
What are channel proteins?
Nature always tends to move molecules in this direction:
What is 'from areas of high [ ] to areas of lower [ ] or moving with/down the gradient?'
These types of proteins are used in membrane pumps
What are carrier proteins?
This word is used to describe the cell membrane as it functions as a filter:
What is 'semi permeable?'
These are the two other names for the cell membrane
What is '1) the plasma membrane, 2) phospholipid bilayer, 3) fluid-mosaic model?'
These proteins act as chemical nametags and allow cells to identify each other
What are cell surface markers?
What is 'to maintain homeostasis?'
True or false: endo- and exocytosis occur in order to change the concentration of molecules ('with respect to the concentration gradient')
What are 1) the plasma membrane, 2) the phospholipid bilayer?
These types of molecules go through facilitated diffusion
What are large/charged molecules?
This molecule provides energy for active transport
What is ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate)?
Only _______________________ molecules can move through channel proteins
What is 'large OR charged?'
This type of membrane protein collects information about the environment outside of the cell and relays that info back to the nucleus
What are receptor proteins?
These are the three jobs of the cell membrane:
What is 1) protection, 2) regulation/filter, 3) structure/shape?
The cell membrane is called a _______________ feature of life - why?
What is 'a universal feature of life; because all organisms are made of cells and all cells have a cell membrane?'
These are the two major jobs of enzymes:
What is '1) to break down/digest materials and 2) to speed up chemical reactions?'
These are the names and functions of the two major types of transport proteins
What is '1) carrier proteins that require energy to physically change their shape and 2) channel proteins that allow unregulated of molecules from high to low [ ]?'
These are the two major reasons why a cell would use energy for cell transport:
What is '1) to move substances against their [ ] gradient (low [ ] to higher [ ]) or 2) to move excessively large molecules into/out of cells?'
Define simple diffusion (in three parts, like we did in class):
What is 'the movement of small, uncharged molecules directly through the phospholipids, from areas of high [ ] to areas of lower [ ]?'
List the three major jobs of every cell membrane
What is '1) protection, 2) provide structure to cell, and 3) to act as a filter?'
List the four types of membrane-embedded proteins and briefly explain the job of each
What is '1) cell surface markers, 2) transport proteins, 3) enzymes, 4) receptor proteins?'
These are the three major jobs of the Na-K pump: _____________; and these organisms have this membrane pump in their cells
What is '1) nerve signaling, 2) muscular contractions, 3) kidney function' and 'this membrane pump is found in animal cells?'
Define a hypertonic solution and what will happen to a cell in this type of solution:
What is '1) a hypertonic solution has a higher [ ] of solute on the outside of the cell compared to the inside of the cell; cell will shrivel up and eventually die?'
This biomolecule is never found in the cell membrane and this is why:
What is 'nucleic acids are never found in/on the cell membrane because they contain a cell's entire set of instructions and that material stays protected inside the nucleus of the (eukaryotic) cell?'
Describe the structure of a single phospholipid and how each region reacts with water
What is 'a phosphate group as the 'head' (polar, hydrophilic) and two fatty acid 'tails' (non-polar, hydrophobic)?