Cell Review
What kind of eukaryotic cells have cell membranes?
Plants and animals.
What is passive transport?
Transport that does not require energy.
What type of energy is used in active transport?
ATP
What types of living organisms make their own food?
Autotrophs
What molecule is the cell membrane made of? Name the 2 parts.
- phosphate/glycerol head - hydrophilic
- lipid/fatty acid tail - hydrophobic
Name 2 of the 3 types of passive transport.
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
What do cells use exocytosis for?
Getting rid of waste products.
When transferring energy for cellular use, some energy is lost as what two things?
Heat and light.
Name the 3 functions of the cell membrane.
1. Separates contents inside and outside of cell.
2. Serves as barrier for substances to enter and exit
3. Recognizes chemical signals which tell cell to react.
What type of molecules can diffuse easily through the membrane? Give one example.
Tiny gas molecules such as oxygen/carbon dioxide.
What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis.
Phagocytosis moves larger food particles into the cell. Pinocytosis takes in smaller dissolved ions and molecules.
Where does the energy of the ATP bond mainly come from?
The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group.
What does cholesterol do? Name 2 functions.
1. Provides structure to fluid membrane.
2. Prevents fatty acid chains from sticking together.
Scenario: A gummy bear is in the water for 1 hour. By the end of the hour, the gummy bear is 3x its original size. This is an example of what kind of solution?
Hypotonic
Complete the sentence: Unlike diffusion, active transport moves molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, also known as ___________ the concentration gradient.
Against.
FUN FACT: A working muscle recycles ______ ATP molecules per second!
10 million
What do membrane proteins help with? What are the proteins that allow water in/out called?
They allow molecules that can't pass through the membrane to pass through without touching the lipids.
Aquaporins.
What is the difference between a protein channel and a carrier protein.
A protein channel is open all the way from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell.
A carrier protein open on one side and wait for a molecule to bind to it before switching its direction of the opening.
Explain how and why the cell membrane doesn't "open" when allowing molecules inside the cell.
The cell membrane caves in and creates a pocket/vesicle/pseudopod around the molecules.
This prevents the outside environment from touching the inside environment and to prevent letting bad substances inside the cell.
Along with the 3 phosphate group, give the name and type of macromolecule of the other 2 parts.
Adenine - nucleic acid
Ribose - carbohydrate/sugar