Vocabulary
This is a temporary state of existence in which there is a higher concentration of something on one side of a cell member
What is a concentration gradient?
These types of molecules are capable of simple diffusion
What are small/uncharged?
Cells in _______________ solutions will stay the same size
What is isotonic?
Nature always tends towards ________________
What is 'equilibrium?'
This is the only major biomolecule NOT found in the cell membrane
What are nucleic acids?
These types of membrane proteins act as nametags for each type of cell
What are cell surface markers?
This term refers to the creation of a vesicle to move a large substance into a cell
What is endocytosis?
Cell transport is necessary in order for living organism to maintain ___________________
What is homeostasis?
This term refers to the movement of water molecules from an area of higher [] to an area of lower [] that move through aquapores in the cell
What is osmosis?
These types of molecules go through facilitated diffusion
What are large/charged molecules?
Name and define the two parts of every solution
What is 1) solute - whatever is broken down/dissolved into solution and 2) solvent - whatever breaks down and dissolves something else in solution
Cells go through this process to reach equilibrium on either side of a cell membrane
What is diffusion/osmosis/facilitated diffusion/passive transport?
This type of membrane protein collects information about the environment outside of the cell and relays that info back to the nucleus
What are receptor proteins?
These are the three jobs of the cell membrane:
What is 1) protection, 2) regulation/filter, 3) structure/shape?
All cell membranes are made mostly out of this biomolecule
What are lipids (phospholipids)?
What are 1) nerve signaling, 2) kidney function, 3) muscular contractions?
Membrane pumps move substances from areas of ____ concentration to areas of _____ concentration
What is 'from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration?'
Nature always tends to move things from _____ concentration to ___________ concentration
What is 'higher concentration to lower concentration?'
A cell in a hypotonic solution will
What is 'swell and burst?'
Briefly explain the difference between the two types of transport proteins
What is 'channel proteins act like open doorways and do not use energy to allow substance to move from high to low []; carrier proteins act like locked doors and require energy to physically change their shape and move molecules from low to high []?'
Give the full definition of facilitated diffusion
What is 'the movement of large or charged molecules from an area of high [] to an area of lower [] through channel proteins in the cell membrane?'
These are the two major reasons why active transport occurs
What is 1) to move substances from low [] to high [] (against the gradient), or 2) to move very large substances in/out of cells?
Briefly explain why a cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink/shrivel?
What is 'because there is a higher concentration of solute outside of the cell (less room for water outside) and a lower concentration of solute inside the cell (more room for water) so water will leave the cell?'
Briefly explain the difference between the terms 'isotonic' and 'equilibrium'
What is 'isotonic refers specifically to a type of solution surrounding a living cell; equilibrium refers a broader concept/idea of a temporary state of existence in which there approximately equal amounts of particles or molecules on either side of a membrane?'
List the four types of membrane-embedded proteins
What are 1) cell surface markers, 2) transport proteins, 3) enzymes, 4) receptor proteins?