Cell types
What type of cell includes all types of bacteria?
Prokaryotic cell
What organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant and algae cells?
chloroplast
What molecule stores usable energy that cells use for cellular work?
ATP
What happens to matter during photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
matter is conserved (rearranged)
According to the fossil record, which type of cell appeared first on Earth?
prokaryotic
Name two structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, or DNA
What three things are used as reactants during photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide, water, and light energy
What two substances are used as reactants during cellular respiration?
glucose and oxygen
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is converted into part of what molecule?
Glucose
According to the autogenous theory, what happened to the plasma membrane that contributed to the development of eukaryotic cells?
plasma membrane folded inward, creating internal structures such as the nucleus, ER, and Golgi apparatus
A cell has DNA floating in its cytoplasm and does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is it?
prokaryotic cell
What two products are produced during photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
What three products are produced during cellular respiration?
ATP, water, and carbon dioxide
What products of photosynthesis become reactants for cellular respiration?
Glucose and Oxygen
According to the endosymbiotic theory, how did eukaryotic cells become more complex?
one prokaryotic cell engulfed another prokaryotic cell and established a mutualistic relationship
A scientist observes a cell that has a nucleus, linear DNA inside the nucleus, and membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is it?
eukaryotic cell
A plant receives plenty of water and carbon dioxide but is placed in complete darkness. Which major input for photosynthesis is missing?
light energy
A cell breaks down glucose and transfers the energy from glucose into ATP. What process is occurring?
cellular respiration
What products of cellular respiration become reactants for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
According to the endosymbiotic theory, what were the original organisms that eventually became mitochondria and chloroplasts?
once free-living bacteria
A student claims that all eukaryotic cells must be multicellular. Is the student correct? Explain.
No. Eukaryotic organisms can be unicellular or multicellular.
Explain what happens to energy during photosynthesis.
Light energy from the Sun is transformed into chemical energy and stored in the bonds of glucose.
Explain why cellular respiration is considered an energy transformation.
The chemical energy stored in glucose is transferred to ATP, which cells use to perform cellular work.
A student says, “The carbon atoms in glucose disappear when cellular respiration occurs.” Use conservation of matter to explain why the student is incorrect.
The carbon atoms are not destroyed. The carbon in glucose ends up in carbon dioxide, which is released during cellular respiration. The number of atoms is conserved.
Compare the autogenous theory and the endosymbiotic theory for the development of eukaryotic cells.
Autogenous theory: Internal structures developed through inward folding of the plasma membrane and accumulation of changes over time.
Endosymbiotic theory: A prokaryotic cell engulfed another prokaryotic cell, creating a mutualistic relationship; the engulfed cells eventually became structures such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.