The cycle of life
DNA replication occurs during this phase
S phase
The mitotic spindle forms during this phase
Prophase
These normal genes can become cancer-causing when mutated
Protooncogenes
Mitosis produces cells that are genetically _______
Identical
The checkpoint that ensures DNA replication is complete
G₂ checkpoint
The phase where the cell prepares proteins for mitosis
G₂ phase
Centromeres split and sister chromatids move apart
Anaphase
These genes stop cells from dividing uncontrollably
Tumor suppressor genes
Meiosis produces how many daughter cells?
Four haploid
The checkpoint that checks for spindle attachment
M checkpoint
The resting state for non-dividing cells
G₀ phase
The nuclear envelope reforms during this phase
Telophase
A permanently activated proto-oncogene leads to this condition
Uncontrolled cell division
Crossing over occurs during this stage
Prophase I
CDKs are only active when bound to what proteins?
Cyclins
The cell cycle checkpoint that verifies nutrient availability
G₁ checkpoint
Cytokinesis in animal cells forms this structure
Cleavage furrow
The process of controlled cell death
Apoptosis
Homologous chromosomes separate during this phase
Anaphase I
A drug that prevents CDK4 from binding cyclin D affects which checkpoint first?
G₁ checkpoint
A mutation that activates a proto-oncogene causes this
Uncontrolled cell proliferation
Failure of spindle attachment leads to this checkpoint arrest
M checkpoint
A drug blocking DNA polymerase stops the cycle at this phase
S phase
The event that restores diploid number after meiosis
Fertilization
If cyclin degradation is blocked after mitosis, what happens?
CDKs stay active, and cells continuously enter mitosis