IT’S ALIVE… WITH EVIDENCE!
From bacteria to blue whales, living things are made of these tiny units. What are they?
a- Cells
What structure gives eukaryotic cells a VIP room for most of their DNA?
a- Nucleus
Which tiny structures serve up proteins by assembling amino acids?
a- Ribosomes
Which organelles give photosynthetic plant cells their solar-powered sugar-making ability?
a- Chloroplasts
A pond organism is doing laps. Which microscope lets you watch it alive?
a- Compound light microscope
A plant leans toward the window like it wants a better view. What characteristic of life does this demonstrate?
a- Response to stimuli
No nucleus? No problem! What type of cell includes bacteria?
a- Prokaryotic
Which organelle is the cell’s shipping department, modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
a- Golgi apparatus
Which organelles turn energy from food into an ATP payday in plant and animal cells?
a- Mitochondria
Which cell structure acts as the selective bouncer, controlling what enters and leaves? e
a- Cell membran
A cell takes out its chemical trash to keep internal conditions stable. What process gets the credit? a
- Homeostasis
A pond organism lives the single-cell lifestyle but has a nucleus. What type of cell is it?
a- Eukaryotic
A cell needs lipids and some chemical cleanup. Which type of ER should clock in?
a- Smooth ER
Your cells need a spendable energy supply. What three-letter molecule powers their activities?
a- ATP
Which rigid outer structure gives plant cells extra support without being their main selective bouncer?
a- Cell wall
No spontaneous cell appearances allowed! According to cell theory, where do new cells come from?
a- Pre-existing cells
Bonus Question - We didn't cover this in class. A bacterium’s DNA has a neighborhood, but no membrane-bound office. What is this DNA-containing region called?
a- Nucleoid
A cell’s enzyme-powered cleanup crew quits, and materials pile up. Which organelles have stopped working?
a- Lysosomes
A leaf cell already has chloroplasts. Which other energy-processing organelles does it still need to make ATP from food?
a- Mitochondria
A cell has a nucleus, chloroplasts, a wall, and a large central vacuole. Which cell type wins this identity check?
a- Plant cell
A plant shoot grows toward light while its cells remove wastes. Explain why these actions demonstrate different characteristics of life. All of them. The most correct wins.
a- Growing toward light is a response to an external stimulus. Removing waste helps maintain stable internal conditions, demonstrating homeostasis
Two cells both contain DNA and ribosomes. One has a nucleus; the other has DNA in a nucleoid region and no membrane-bound organelles. Classify both and explain why both can make proteins.
a- The cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic, and the cell with a nucleoid and no membrane-bound organelles is prokaryotic. Both can make proteins because both contain ribosomes.
A cell’s ribosomes keep building proteins, but its Golgi apparatus stops functioning. Explain which activity can continue and which activities would be disrupted.
a- Ribosomes can continue assembling proteins. Golgi modification, sorting, and packaging would be disrupted, interfering with normal preparation of proteins for delivery.
A student claims that chloroplasts make mitochondria unnecessary in plant cells. Explain why the cell needs both organelles.
a- Chloroplasts use light energy to make sugars through photosynthesis. Mitochondria transfer energy from food into ATP through cellular respiration to power cell activities.
A pond organism swims using short, hair-like projections. Identify those structures and explain their function. Then name the microscope best suited to examining fine internal structures in a prepared thin section of the organism.
a- The projections are cilia, whose coordinated beating moves the organism through water. TEM, or transmission electron microscopy, best reveals fine internal structures in a prepared thin section.